雌柔之道抑或阴谋权术?——《老子》第三十六章经义抉原  

“Judo”or Trickery?—Reinterpreting Chapter 36 of Laozi

作　　者：汪韶军[1] Wang Shaojun

机构地区：[1]海南大学人文传播学院,海口570228

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“可能的《老子》——文本对勘与思想探原(道篇)”(16FZX004)。

摘　　要：古今对《老子》第三十六章多做权谋化的解读,误甚!章首四句“将欲……必固……”的逻辑主语其实是天道,四句只是点出天道人事之物极必反,从而提醒世人于张知翕,柔弱以自处,这正是“反者,道之动也;弱者,道之用也”。“柔弱胜刚强”通常被理解成弱小战胜强大或以柔克刚,有悖常理。此命题实则是说示弱的姿态胜过、优于逞强的态度。“刚强”不是实力强大的他者,而恰恰是争强好胜的自己,故“柔弱胜刚强”不是鼓动我们战胜他者,而是提醒节制自我。章末将这一命题施用于治国理政。“利器”指可能伤人的一切物事,“不可以示人”不是把权谋或什么法宝藏为己用而不为人知,而是反对夸示利器、滥用利器。谆谆告诫世人持守雌柔之道以护惜群己之生命的思想,却总是被歪曲成阴谋权术,堪叹!It is a serious mistake that Chapter 36 of Laozi has been interpreted as trickery.Actually,the logical subject of“Jiangyu...Bigu...”(“将欲……必固……”)at the beginning of the chapter is Tiandao(天道).These four sentences simply point out that things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme.Thus,they remind people that things will be weakened when they are extremely strong,and motivate people to maintain“Judo(柔道)”.This notion is exactly“Reversing is how Dao moves,and weakening is how it functions”.“Rouruo Sheng Gangqiang(柔弱胜刚强)”is usually understood as“the soft and weak vanquish the hard and strong”or“conquering the hard with the soft”.Such interpretation is contrary to common sense.In fact,that proposition means keeping a low profile is superior to flaunting strength.“Gangqiang”does not refer to others who have powerful strength;rather,it exactly refers to the aggressive ego.Therfore,“Rouruo Sheng Gangqiang”does not stimulate us to defeat others,but reminds us to control ourselves.At the end of this chapter,this proposition is applied to politics.“Liqi(利器)”refers to all things that will probably hurt people.The last sentence of the chapter does not mean that treasured tricks cannot be revealed to others.Rather,Laozi is combating such behavior as boasting of liqi or abusing liqi.Laozi earnestly instructs people to maintain“Judo”so as to protect both others and oneself.Unfortunately,such thought is always distorted as trickery!

关 键 词：《老子》第三十六章 微明 利器 雌柔之道 阴谋权术 柔弱胜刚强 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]