周期离散支承钢轨垂向振动带隙特性分析  

Analysis of vertical vibration band gap characteristics of periodic discrete support rail

作　　者：冯青松[1] 杨舟 郭文杰 陆建飞[2] 梁玉雄 雷晓燕[1] FENG QingSong;YANG Zhou;GUO WenJie;LU JianFei;LIANG YuXiong;LEI XiaoYan(Engineering Research Center of Railway Environment Vibration and Noise,Ministry of Education,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学铁路环境振动与噪声教育部工程研究中心,南昌330013 [2]江苏大学土木工程与力学学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第12期1563-1576,共14页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51878277,51668020,51368020)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文将周期轨道结构简化为周期离散支承钢轨结构,对其垂向振动带隙特性进行了研究.将钢轨等效为Timoshenko梁,通过平面波展开法计算了周期轨道结构垂向振动带隙特性,与采用实体单元的有限元法进行了比较,并进一步分析了各阶带隙频率的物理意义.结果表明,0~1500 Hz范围内,采用Timoshenko梁模型能够准确地表征周期性轨道结构带隙特性.然后利用有限元法计算了有限周期轨道结构的振动传输特性,并通过钢轨传输特性实验进一步验证了其带隙特性,紧接着分析了轨道结构中不同阻尼对带隙特性的影响.接着采用功率流法分析了有限周期轨道结构中能量的传播特性,最后分析了轨道结构垂向振动各阶带隙频率与纵向温度力之间的关系,并探讨了扣件刚度、扣件间距的影响.分析结果表明,周期性轨道结构能量流也具有带隙特性,禁带范围内输入轨道功率流很少,而通带能大幅度输入功率流;周期轨道结构垂向振动第二阶带隙起始频率B(1014.41 Hz)、截止频率C(1030.06 Hz)可作为无缝线路钢轨内部温度力大小的主要评价指标.周期轨道结构中带隙特性有利于更深入地理解轨道结构中振动波的传播特性,并为铁路振动和噪声控制提供了一个新的思路.In this paper, a periodic track structure is simplified as a periodic, discrete, support rail structure, and the vertical vibration band gap characteristics are studied. Treating the rail as a Timoshenko beam, the plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the periodic track structure vertical vibration band gap characteristics. These characteristics are compared using the entity unit finite element method, followed by further analysis of the physical meaning of each order frequency band gap. Results show that within the range of 0–1500 Hz, the band gap characteristics of periodic track structures can be accurately characterized using a Timoshenko beam model.The vibration transmission characteristics of the track structure with finite period are then calculated by the finite element method,and the band gap characteristics are further verified by a rail transmission characteristics experiment. Next, the influence of different dampers on the band gap characteristics in the track structure is analyzed. Then the power flow method is used to analyze the energy propagation characteristics in the finite-period track structure, and finally the relationship between the vertical temperature force and the band gap frequency of the track structure’s vertical vibration is analyzed. The analysis results show that the energy flow of the periodic track structure also has band gap characteristics. The starting frequency B(1014.41 Hz) and cut-off frequency C(1030.06 Hz) of the second-order band gap of the periodic track structure’s vertical vibration can be used as the main evaluation indices of the temperature force inside the rail of the seamless track. The band gap characteristics in the periodic track structure provide a deeper understanding of the propagation characteristics of vibration waves in the track structure and provide a new concept for railway vibration and noise control.

关 键 词：周期离散支承钢轨 弹性波带隙 平面波展开法 振动传递特性 功率流 钢轨温度力 

分 类 号：U211.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]