论马克思的伦理学说  

Marx’s Ethical Theory

作　　者：余达淮[1] 贾正宇 YU Da-huai;JIA Zheng-yu(College of Marxism,Hehai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第1期53-60,共8页Qilu Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(人文社科类)项目“构建新时代人类命运共同体的伦理规约研究”(2018B33014)。

摘　　要：马克思的伦理学说本质上而言是一种人类解放的实质性伦理学;其根本原因在于历史唯物主义是马克思伦理学的方法,因而得以摆脱西方伦理学的形式论证方式。随着马克思逐渐沉入到政治经济学的研究,实质性伦理学被进一步丰富,转变为经济——道德式伦理学。马克思将道德批判建立于对资本主义的批判之上,即经济社会的道德批判,以物质经济与道德双重结构建立马克思所特有的伦理学。并且以无产阶级作为支点撬动物质现实,在否定资产阶级道德的基础上,建立共产主义道德。共产主义道德是经济——道德式伦理学的完成。马克思对共产主义道德的具体言说主要是以否定资本主义社会现实而呈现的,正面性言说仅是蓝图式概括,实际上以一种基于实践的想象方式呈现,最终也形成了马克思所特有的共产主义道德范畴,诸如时间、自由人联合体等。Marx’s ethics theory is essentially an implicit ethics,that is,only moral content and no moral form.The fundamental reason is that historical materialism is the method of Marx’s ethics,so it can get rid of the formal argumentation of western ethics.As Marx gradually sank into the study of political economy,implicit ethics was further enriched,transformed into economic——moral ethics.Based on historical materialism,moral criticism was based on criticism of capitalism.That is,economic and social moral criticism,with the dual structure of material economy and morality to establish Marx’s unique ethics.It takes the proletariat as the fulcrum to leverage the material reality and establish communist morality on the basis of negating bourgeois morality.Therefore,communist morality is the completion of economic——moral ethics.But Marx’s concrete statement of communist morality is presented by negating the reality of capitalist society,and the positive statement is only a blueprint summary,so it is actually presented in an“amorphous”way.Finally,it also formed Marx’s unique communist moral category,such as time,the union of free people and so on.

关 键 词：马克思 实质性伦理学 经济社会的道德批判 共产主义道德 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]