2019年四川省5岁以下儿童营养状况分析  

Nutritional status of children under 5 years old in Sichuan,2019

作　　者：罗敏[1] 赵梓伶[1] 何琳坤[1] 周天津 刘伟信[1] LUO Min;ZHAO Zi-ling;HE Lin-kun;ZHOU Tian-jin;LIU Wei-xin(Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省妇幼保健院四川省妇女儿童医院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第1期44-46,66,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2018JY0647);成都医学院科研基金项目(CYS17-04)。

摘　　要：目的了解四川省5岁以下儿童营养状况,为卫生行政决策提供参考和依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在四川省范围内抽取7 534名5岁以下儿童,测量血红蛋白和身高体重,采用2006年世界卫生组织(WHO)生长发育评价标准进行评价,并与2012年调查情况进行对比。结果四川省5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为5.09%、低体重率为1.76%、超重发生率为15.65%、肥胖发生率为5.44%、贫血患病率为6.16%。生长迟缓率男性高于女性(χ~2=10.60,P=0.01)、农村高于城市(χ~2=82.07,P <0.01);低体重发生率农村高于城市(χ~2=66.86,P <0.01)、婴儿组低体重发生率最高;贫血患病率农村高于城市(χ~2=31.42,P <0.01)、婴儿组贫血患病率最高;城市超重发生率高于农村(χ~2=82.74,P <0.01),但农村的肥胖发生率高于城市(χ~2=30.86,P <0.01)。结论四川省不同性别营养健康状况差异在逐渐减少,但农村地区儿童营养问题仍然突出、超重和肥胖问题日益凸显,探索有效的控制多种形式营养不良的综合防控策略和措施是下一步工作重点。Objective To understand the nutritional status of children under 5 years old in Sichuan Province,and to provide references for health administrative decision-making.Methods 7534 children under 5 years of age were selected with random cluster sampling method,and their hemoglobin,height and weight were measured and evaluated by the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standard.Then the results of this survey were compared with results of 2012.Results The growth retardation rate of children under 5 years of age in Sichuan Province was 5.12%,the rate of low body weight was 2.54%,the incidence of overweight was 15.65%,the incidence of obesity was 5.44%,and the prevalence of anemia was 6.20%.The growth retardation rate was higher in males than that in females(χ2=10.60,P=0.01).The growth retardation rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas(χ2=82.07,P<0.01).The incidence of low weight in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas(χ2=66.86,P<0.01),and the infant group had the highest incidence of low weight.The prevalence of anemia in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas(χ2=31.42,P<0.01),and the infant group had the highest prevalence of anemia.The incidence of overweight in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(χ2=82.74,P<0.01),while the incidence of obesity in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas(χ2=30.86,P<0.01).Conclusion The difference in nutrition and health status of different genders is gradually decreasing,but the nutritional problems of children in rural areas are still prominent,and the problem of overweight and obesity is increasingly prominent.The focus of the next step is exploring effective comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures to control multiple forms of malnutrition.

关 键 词：营养不足 营养过度 营养缺乏 5岁以下儿童 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]