社会变迁与职业身份分途——关于山西乐户的几个问题  

Social Changes and Classification of Professional Identity——On Several Problems of Musician Households in Shanxi Province

作　　者：王建华[1] WANG Jian-hua(Taihang Institute of Cultural Ecology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China)

机构地区：[1]长治学院太行文化生态研究院,山西长治046011

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2021年第1期65-70,共6页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:“历史时期晋东南区域自然灾害与民生研究”(13BZS071)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乐户是中国音乐的主要制作与承传者,从文献记录看,“乐户”之谓最迟在北魏就已经产生了。在历史上,乐户属于贱民之列,但其身份的贱化有一个历史发展过程,是所谓的轻贱之人入乐籍造成乐户的轻贱,而非乐籍轻贱而使坐罪之人入乐籍。公元10世纪,由于少数民族南下,乐籍人员遭受到歧视性分类管理,而明成祖的政治打击最终使乐户奴化、乐籍畸变。清朝雍正间,朝廷禁革乐籍制度,各级政府开始有组织地开展除籍活动,但乐户的制度性影响却一直延续到今天。Musician households(Yue Hu in Chinese Pinyin)are the main producers and inheritors of Chinese music.Literature review indicates that the appellation of“musician households”can be traced back to the Northern Wei Dynasty.In history,the musician households were classified into the people of low social status,which was attributed to the fact that some worthless people and criminals were registered as musician households and resulted in the lower social status of musicians,and which experienced a gradual process of the historical development.Around the 10th century,because the minority nationalities moved down south,musician households suffered from discrimination in their household registration management.And it was the severe political blow of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty that eventually enslaved the musician households and the registration system for musician households changed abnormally.During the ruling time of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty,the royal court tried to eliminate the musician household system and the governments at all levels began to implement some organized activities to get rid of the musician household system.However,its influence has continued to this day.

关 键 词：社会变迁 职业身份 乐户 山西 除籍 

分 类 号：K892.27[历史地理—民俗学]