论断代构造-地层区划的原则与方法:以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为例  

Principles and Methods to Division of Tectonostratigraphic Regions for Geochronologic Periods:Exemplified by Cambrian Period

作　　者：张克信[1,2,3] 何卫红[2,3] 徐亚东[2,3] 姚华舟[4,5] 张雄华[3] 林启祥[3] 季军良[2,3] 骆满生[2] 宋博文[1] 于洋[1] 韩凤禄[3] 寇晓虎[1] 王嘉轩 王丽君 Zhang Kexin;He Weihong;Xu Yadong;Yao Huazhou;Zhang Xionghua;Lin Qixiang;Ji Junliang;Luo Mansheng;Song Bowen;Yu Yang;Han Fenglu;Kou Xiaohu;Wang Jiaxuan;Wang Lijun(Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China;School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China;Key Laboratory for Paleontology and Coevolution of Life and Environment,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [3]中国地质大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [4]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205 [5]中国地质调查局古生物与生命-环境协同演化重点实验室,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《地球科学》2020年第12期4267-4290,共24页Earth Science

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(Nos.DD20190370,DD20190811);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41772107,41672030);国家“十三五”油气重大专项项目(No.2016ZX05034002-003)。

摘　　要：基础地质调查的首项任务就是查清不同构造-地层区划单元内的地层层序和时代.因此,开展构造-地层区划和建立地层格架,是矿产能源、水文环境和工程地质等工作不可缺少的一项奠基性工作.本文强调构造、沉积和气候环境等对地层发育的主控作用,并提出断代构造-地层区划定义为:是指对一个国家或地区某一地质发展阶段(如新元古代,寒武纪等)内形成的地层,通过对其形成的构造环境、沉积和气候环境、岩石组合、古生物组合、地球物理和地球化学特征等记录的综合调查分析对比后,所进行的地层地理分布划分.根据新含义,本文以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为实例,拟定出构造-地层区划的主要依据是:全球洋陆重建分布、地层建造大类、基底和盖层地层序列和洋陆转化时间、地层序列完整性与接触关系、地层岩性岩相序列对比、造山带对接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、造山带叠接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、生物古地理区系、构造-岩相古地理格局、古气候分区、区划边界11条识别标志.One of the key tasks in geological survey is to establish the chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic sequences among different tectonic regions, forming fundamental for explorations of mineral energy, hydrological environment and engineering geology. Here it emphasize the primary controlling roles of structure, sedimentation and climatic environment in stratigraphic development, and proposes a definition for regional tectonostratigraphic divisions of different geological periods in China on the basis of comprehensive analyses and comparison of tectonic environment, sedimentary and climatic background, rock combination, palaeontological assemblage, geophysics and geochemical characteristics among those regional divisions. It applied this method to the strata of Cambrian Period for China as an example, and identified eleven distinguishing criteria for regional tectonostratigraphic divisions in China, they are as follows: global paleogeographic characteristics, stratigraphic-sedimentary types, major stratigraphic sequence of the basement and cover, timing of the ocean-continent transition, contact relationship of stratigraphic sequence, stratigraphic lithology and lithofacies of blocks, distribution and characteristics between main suture zone and subordinate suture zone, biogeography, tectonic lithofacies, paleogeographic pattern, paleoclimate division, and the feature of the division boundary.

关 键 词：构造-地层区划 原则 方法 寒武纪 中国 地层学 

分 类 号：P548[天文地球—构造地质学]