二倍体与四倍体苦荞的充实差异研究  

Grain-filling of Diploid and Tetraploid Tartary Buckwheat

作　　者：张余[1] 何佩云[1] 罗庆华 吴兴慧 孔德章 黄小燕[1] 黄凯丰 ZHANG Yu;HE Peiyun;LUO Qinghua;WU Xinghui;KONG Dezhang;HUANG Xiaoyan;HUANG Kaifeng(Buckwheat Industry Technology Research Center,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第10期1043-1049,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560358);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2297、[2020]1Y048、[2017]2505);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]015);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2019]11-6);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2019]4334)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较分析二倍体和四倍体苦荞材料的根系、灌浆特性等相关生理性状,明确四倍体苦荞充实差的生理原因。【方法】以二倍体苦荞品种小黄荞和六苦2081及其四倍体苦荞材料TB193、TB198为试验材料,比较分析了四倍体和二倍体苦荞间灌浆特性、淀粉合成酶活性、根系形态生理、农艺性状、充实度及产量的差异。【结果】2个苦荞品种及其四倍体苦荞材料在花后25 d百粒重几乎不再增加,且二倍体苦荞的百粒重高于四倍体苦荞;四倍体苦荞的灌浆起始势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率低于二倍体苦荞,达最大灌浆速率的天数高于二倍体;灌浆前期二倍体苦荞籽粒的AGPase和SSS活性强于四倍体苦荞,中后期则低于四倍体苦荞;四倍体苦荞的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根系活力、根系伤流液总体显著高于二倍体苦荞;二倍体苦荞的株高、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、1~2节节间粗度、1~2节节间粗度总体均低于四倍体苦荞,充实度和产量则分别是四倍体苦荞的2.97和1.23倍(两品种的平均值)。【结论】较低的灌浆起始势、灌浆速率,以及灌浆前期较低的淀粉合成酶活性是四倍体苦荞充实较差的重要生理原因。【Objective】 Grain-filling of Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum) was studied to determine the cause of inferior crop yield of tetraploid variety. 【Method】 Diploid Tartary buckwheat varieties, Xiaohuang and Liuku 2081, were compared with the tetraploid TB193 and TB198 on grain-filling, starch biosynthesis, root morphology and physiology,agronomic characteristics, and grain yield for the analysis. 【Result】 Although both Tartary buckwheat varieties stopped the100-grain weight increase 25 d after anthesis, the diploid was higher than the tetraploid in that respect. In addition, compared to the tetraploid varieties, the diploid Tartary buckwheat started earlier on the filling initiation;achieved higher peak and average filling rates;reached the maximum grain-filling in a shorter time;showed greater AGPase and SSS activities in grains at early grain-filling stage but lower in the middle and late filling stages;had significantly lower length, surface area, volume, activity,and fluid on the roots, height on the plant, number of branches on the main stem, node count on the main stem, girth between the 1 st and 2 nd nodes, and 1-2 internode thickness. On average, the diploid Tartary buckwheat was 2.97 times higher on plumpness and 1.23 times higher on yield than the tetraploid counterpart.【Conclusion】 The lower grain filling initiation,filling rate, and starch synthase activity at early filling stage appeared to be the key physiological indicators of the inferior performance of the tetraploid Tartary buckwheat on grain production.

关 键 词：苦荞 四倍体 灌浆特性 淀粉合成酶活性 根系形态生理 充实度 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]