论索绪尔任意性原则的层次性  

On the Levels of Saussure’s Principle of Arbitrariness

作　　者：胡剑波 HU Jian-bo(Foreign Language College, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学外国语学院,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期186-192,共7页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学重点项目“索绪尔语言思想的认识论研究”(15ZDB029);“索绪尔语言学理论的方法论研究”(XSP20YBC301)。

摘　　要：任意性原则是索绪尔学术思想的核心和精华。任意性原则不仅是语言符号的基础,而且也是所有符号系统的基础,但凡是符号系统都将受到任意性原则的支配。任意性原则在语言符号与非语言符号中的不同作用主要体现在:规约性的含义不同;人的意志在任意性中的作用不同;任意性的地位不同。支配非语言符号的是“前设任意性原则”,而语言符号是“完全任意的符号”。在语言层次上,系统性、社会心理性和时间性都将作用于任意性。在认识论层次上,任意性原则悬置了语言符号与外部世界的关系;否定了主体的第一性。对任意性原则层次性的认识有助于我们更好地把握索绪尔的学术思想。The principle of arbitrariness is the core and essential organizing principle in Saussure’s academic thoughts.It is not only the basis of linguistic signs,but also the foundation of all systems of signs.But all the sign systems will be governed by this fundamentally important principle.The different functions of the principle of arbitrariness in linguistic and non-linguistic signs are mainly reflected in the connotation of conventionality,the functions of human wills,and the status.It is“the principle of presuppositional arbitrariness”that governs the non-linguistic signs,while linguistic signs are pure arbitrary ones.On the level of language,system,social psychology and time all would impose their constraints on arbitrariness.On the level of epistemology,the principle of arbitrariness suspends the relationship between linguistic signs and the world,and negates the primacy of subject.The study on the levels of Saussure’s Principle of Arbitrariness would improve our understanding of Saussure’s academic thoughts.

关 键 词：索绪尔 任意性原则 符号层次 语言层次 认识论层次 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]