林分密度对油松人工林群落结构和植物多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Stand Densities on Community Structure and Species Diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis Plantation

作　　者：王玲[1] WANG Ling(Beijing Badaling Forest Farm,Beijing 102112,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市八达岭林场,北京102112

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第12期2328-2336,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市财政专项(PXM2016-154309-000006,PXM2017-154309-000002)。

摘　　要：研究不同林分密度的群落结构和植物多样性,可为优化人工林的密度调整以及提高生态系统稳定性提供理论依据。以北京市八达岭林场60年生油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林为研究对象,采用样方调查方法,比较4种林分密度(900、1 260、1 460、1 660 plant·hm^(-2))群落结构、植物组成和多样性的变化特征。结果表明,(1)人工林群落垂直结构明显,乔木层和灌木层的株高均随林分密度的增加呈显著降低趋势,而草本层株高在林分密度间无显著差异。(2)研究样地内共有维管束植物45科71属94种。林分密度显著影响林下植物的组成,其科属种数量变化规律表现为:1 260>900≈1 460>1 660plant·hm^(-2)。其中乔木层、灌木层和草本层的优势种分别为油松、三裂绣线菊(Spiraea trilobata)+大花溲疏(Deutzia grandiflora)、求米草(Oplismenus undulatifolius)+细叶苔草(Carex rigescens)。(3)随林分密度的增大,灌木层的丰富度和多样性指数呈逐渐减小的趋势,以900 plant·hm^(-2)最高。草本层的物种丰富度和多样性指数则出现先增大后减小的趋势,在1260 plant·hm^(-2)时达到峰值。综上所述,低密度林分(900—1 260 plant·hm^(-2))有利于成熟油松人工林林下植物多样性的恢复和提高,及时调控密度可显著影响油松人工林的稳定性。The study on the variation of community structure and species diversity under different stand densities can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing density allocation and enhancing ecosystem stability.The variation of community structure and plant composition and diversity under four stand densities including 900,1260,1460 and 1660 plants·hm−2 for 60-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Badaling forest farm,Beijing were analyzed according to the quadrat survey method.The results showed that:(1)The vertical structure of the four densities were significantly different,the average height of tree and shrub layer decreased with the increasing of the stand density,while no significant difference was found in the herbaceous layer among the four different stand densities.(2)There were 94 species of vascular plants from 45 families,71 genera in the study site.The community composition and number of family,genera and specie of understory species under different densities in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation were significantly different,and the variation order was 1260>900≈1460>1660 plants·hm−2.The dominant species in tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was Pinus tabulaeformis,Spiraea trilobata+Deutzia grandiflora,and Oplismenus undulatifolius+Carex rigescens.And(3)with the increase of stand density,the richness and diversity index in shrub layer showed a trend of gradually decreasing,with the highest was found at the density of 900 plants·hm−2.The species richness and diversity index in the herb layer increased first and then decreased,and reached the peak at 1260 plants·hm−2.In summary,the lower stand density from 900 to 1260 plants·hm−2 can improve the plant diversity under mature Pinus tabulaeformis plantation.Furthermore regulating duly the stand density can promote the ecosystem stability for Pinus tabulaeformis plantation.

关 键 词：林分密度 油松人工林 群落结构 植物组成和多样性 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学] X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]