先天性中耳畸形——听骨链畸形的治疗最新进展  

Advances in the Treatment of Congenital Middle Ear Malformation and Ossicular Chain Deformity

作　　者：陆羽飞 马秀岚[1] LU Yufei;MA Xiulan(Department of Otolaryngology,China Medical University Shengjing Hospital,Shenyang,Liaoning 110004)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院耳鼻咽喉科,辽宁省沈阳市110004

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2021年第1期162-166,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金(20180550477);沈阳市科学计划项目(18-014-4-09)。

摘　　要：先天性中耳畸形作为一种先天性疾病,是由第一咽囊发育障碍所致,可以与外耳畸形及内耳畸形相伴,也可以单独出现。中耳畸形中最主要的是听骨链畸形,主要表现为单侧或双侧传导性听力损失。存在听力损失的中耳畸形患者需要通过手术重建听力,传统的手术方式为外耳道和鼓室成形术,近十几年来,新的人工听觉植入技术不断兴起,为先天性中耳畸形患者的治疗提供了更多选择。由于中耳畸形发育差异大,听力重建策略的选择也具有一定的复杂性,本文将从先天性中耳畸形的发病机制、临床分型、诊断及手术治疗等几个方面予以综述。Congenital middle ear malformation is caused by developmental disorders of the first pharyngeal vesicle.It can be accompanied by malformation of the external and inner ear or appear as isolated conditions.Ossicular chain deformity is the most important type of middle ear malformation,resulting in manifestations of unilateral or bilateral conductive hearing loss.Patients with hearing loss often need surgical hearing reconstruction.Meatoplasty and tympanoplasty are traditional approaches.In the past ten years,new artificial auditory implantation technologies have been developed,which provide addtional options for treating patients with congenital middle ear malformation.Selection of hearing reconstruction strategies can be complicated by broad variations in ossicular chain deformity.This review will focus on nosogenesis,classifications,diagnosis,and hearing reconstruction strategies related to middle ear malformation and ossicular chain deformity,providing a comprehensive summary of recent domestic and overseas research in this field.

关 键 词：先天性畸形 中耳 听骨 听力重建 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]