轨道交通列车内空气质量研究现状与展望  

Air quality standard and pollution of railway transit system

作　　者：黄宇[1,2] 李荣[1,2,3] 崔龙 胡塔峰[1,2] 樊灏 苏婷[1] 曹军骥 李顺诚 HUANG Yu;LI Rong;CUI Long;HU Tafeng;FAN Hao;SU Ting;CAO Junji;LEE Shuncheng(Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry&Physics,State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change,Xi’an 710061,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,西安710061 [2]中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心,西安710061 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]香港理工大学土木与环境工程系,中国香港

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2020年第4期345-363,共19页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401567,41573138)。

摘　　要：城市轨道交通因其运量大、效率高、能耗低等诸多优点,成为城市公共交通的主要方式,其中主要以地铁为主。虽然通勤者在地铁内停留时间短,但因列车及乘客的活动,其内自然通风不足,空气质量差,影响出行人员身体健康。研究表明:颗粒物(PM)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)和细菌是主要的空气污染物。其中,轨道交通颗粒物主要来源于列车与轨道之间的磨损,且颗粒物中金属元素含量丰富,遗传毒性较强。VOCs主要来源于地铁装饰物的挥发,细菌与真菌等主要受客流量、通风、温度等因素影响。此外,文章综合叙述了暴露于PM以外的各种空气污染物的健康风险。最后,指出进一步优化列车运行条件、开发先进的空气净化装置,是未来轨道列车空气质量研究与控制的方向。Background,aim,and scope Urban rail transit which is mainly based on subway is the main mode of urban public transportation because of its advantages,such as large volume,high efficiency and low energy consumption.Due to the activities of trains and passengers,although passengers stay in subway for a short time,the insufficient natural ventilation and poor air quality affects the health of commuters.What is more,many studies indicated that particulate matter(PM),volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and bacteria in the air were the main air pollutions.In order to summarize the research and related standards of air quality in railway transit system in various countries and regions,this paper is written.This paper summarizes the air quality of railway transit system,relevant laws and regulations,control measures,and puts forward the prospect.Materials and methods This review summarized detailedly the air quality standard,pollutant concentration levels,types of chemical substances,related sources and health risk assessment of railway transit(mainly subway).Results Among them,particles in rail transit mainly come from the wear and tear between trains and tracks.Studies have found that the concentration of rail train system is higher than the level of atmospheric environment,the exposure level of underground transportation system is also higher than that of surface transportation system,and the PM concentration level of subway platform is significantly higher than that of subway too.More importantly,the content of metal elements in the air of subway is rich and the genetic toxicity of them is strong.Studies have shown that the concentration and chemical composition of rail transit particles depend on many factors,such as outdoor air quality,differences in the depth and design of stations and tunnels,composition of wheel,track,brake pad and power supply materials.Furthermore,VOCs mainly come from the volatilization of subway decorations,whose exposure level is lower than that of road transportation,posing a carcinogenic risk

关 键 词：轨道列车 空气质量标准 颗粒物 VOCS 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]