美国家庭、学校、社区促进5~12岁儿童课外身体活动的特点及启示——以美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市为例  

Characteristics and implications on promoting the extracurricular physical activity of children aged 5~12 years by the combination of families,schools,and communities in the United States——A case study on Columbus,Ohio in the United States

作　　者：袁广锋[1] 张水顺[1] 郑祥荣[1] 谢秀叶 陈明祥 何雅文[4] YUAN Guang-feng;ZHANG Shui-shun;ZHENG Xiang-rong;XIE Xiu-ye;CHEN Ming-xiang;HE Ya-wen(School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Western Michigan University,MI 49008,USA;General Education and Teaching Laboratory,Fujian Education Department,Fuzhou 350003,China;College of Foreign Languages,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]西密歇根大学,美国密歇根州49008 [3]福建省教育厅普通教育教学研究室,福建福州350003 [4]福建师范大学外国语学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《体育学刊》2021年第1期120-126,共7页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BTY066)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料、田野调查、访谈等研究方法,分析了美国家庭、学校、社区促进5~12岁儿童课外身体活动工作的特点。研究表明:(1)美国家庭对儿童的身体活动重视程度高,注重在身体活动中对儿童进行品格教育,热衷带领儿童从事户外运动;(2)美国学校通过有趣和方便实用的游乐场化的场地和器材,充分利用课间休息组织儿童课外身体活动;(3)美国公益性社区娱乐中心、私立性社区体育俱乐部、众多儿童室外游乐场为提高儿童社区身体活动水平提供保障。对我国的启示:家庭、学校、社区联动是促进儿童课外身体活动的最有效途径;加强大课间体育活动的方便性、实用性和趣味性;重视建造具有多种健身功能的室外儿童游乐场;小学和幼儿园体育场地设施在课余、节假日和寒暑假首先应考虑向儿童开放。This paper analyzes the characteristics on promoting the extracurricular physical activity for children aged 5-12 years by the combination of families,schools,and communities in the United States through the method of literature review,field survey and interviews.The results show that:(1)families lay high emphasis on children’s physical activities,the character education of children in the physical activities and keen on out-door sports with them;(2)schools organize children's extracurricular physical activities by making full use of the convenient and practical amusement grounds and facilities in the between-class intervals;(3)the recreation centers of commonweal community,sports clubs of private community,and many out-door playgrounds for children provide guarantee for improving children's physical activity levels in the community.The implication for China are as follows:the linkage of families,schools,and the communities can be the most effective way to enhance children's extracurricular physical activity;the convenient,practical and interesting activities should be strengthened in between-class intervals;more attention can be attached on the construction of outdoor children playgrounds with a variety of fitness function;and the sports facilities in elementary school and kindergartens can be prior open to the children during the period of after class,on holidays,or on summer and winter vacations.

关 键 词：课外身体活动 5~12岁儿童 美国 俄亥俄州哥伦布市 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]