中外法庭科学标准化研究现状比较与发展趋势  

Forensic Science Standardization Research:Sino-overseas Status Comparison and Development Trend

作　　者：张宁[1] 翟晚枫[1] 花锋[1] 谢群[1] 孙宝良[1] ZHANG Ning;ZHAI Wanfeng;HUA Feng;XIE Qun;SUN Baoliang(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2021年第1期73-80,I0002,共9页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划(Z191100001119039);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807304);国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2019MK139);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2018JB031)。

摘　　要：近年来,我国法庭科学发展迅猛,开始受到广泛关注和重视。经过多年的研究和推动,标准化正逐步深入到法庭科学的日常实践中,通过制定和实施标准规范,确保法庭科学结果质量,更好发挥科学技术在执法司法中的重要作用。标准化研究是法庭科学标准化工作的重要环节,也是推动法庭科学标准化发展的基础和动力。国内外法庭科学研究者都高度重视法庭科学标准化研究,许多新理念、新思想、新方法不断涌现。本文从标准定位、标准化对象、标准颗粒度、标准体系、质量控制、国际标准化六个方面对当前中外法庭科学标准化研究的现状进行了深入全面的归纳和比较,指出了国内外在法庭科学标准化研究方面的相似和差异,并对法庭科学标准化研究的未来发展趋势进行了分析,以求为推动我国法庭科学领域标准化工作高质量发展提供借鉴和参考。Forensic science has been increasing to get wide concern and emphasis in China,even progressing into a rapider development.Thanks to years of research and promotion,forensic science standardization has also been gradually going deep into daily practice and incessant amelioration.Consequently,law enforcement and justice are essentially playing their more important and righteous roles with the assistance and regulation from the forensic standards and specifi cations to lead forensic science and technology into better application and assure the quality of forensic examination and identifi cation.Therefore,forensic science standardization research is both fundamental and crucial,having home and abroad attached great importance to the standardization of forensic science,achieving many new ideas,thoughts and methods having emerged.This paper summarizes and compares the current situation of Sino-overseas forensic science standardization research from six aspects:standard orientation,standardization objects,standard granularity(participance and utilizability),standard architecture,quality control,and international standardization.Certainly,there exist similarities and differences in forensic science standardization research between China and foreign countries.The consensus lies on that standardization is the basis of quality,standards are adjustable with practice,and international standardization is of potential trend.Comparatively,foreign standard system tends to focus on“macro”perspective,paying attentions on quality management of standards,quality control of the whole process of forensic science implementation;whereas Chinese standard system places its concerns at“micro”horizon,having attentions paid to specific technical standards and laboratory test analyses.Likewise,more attentions are present with overseas standard operation at method validation and verifi cation,quantitative evaluation of evidence strength and statistical researches.Finally,analysis has been also made about the future development trend of

关 键 词：法庭科学 标准化研究 比较研究 发展趋势 

分 类 号：DF794[政治法律—诉讼法学]