救援人员的主要心理问题、相关因素与干预策略  

Rescuers’Main Mental Problems,Related Factors and Intervention Strategies

作　　者：李昌俊[1] 贾东立[1] 涂燊 LI Changjun;JIA Dongli;TU Shen(School of Politics and Law,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;School of Public Administration,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院法政学院,河北张家口075000 [2]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《灾害学》2021年第1期148-152,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31500871);2018年度贵州财经大学引进人才科研启动项目(2019YJ020)。

摘　　要：救援人员泛指在各种紧急情况中提供救助的个体,其心理健康风险得到越来越多的关注。研究发现救援人员的心理问题主要是应激相关障碍,消极情绪以及倦怠感。不利的救援工作条件、创伤暴露与非适应性的情绪调节策略是救援人员心理健康主要的危险因素;救援工作中的有利条件、社会支持、心理弹性以及适应性情绪调节策略是心理健康的保护因素。对救援人员心理问题的干预还存在较大的不足,需要建立系统化的干预体系。Rescuers generally refer to the individuals who provide assistance in various emergency situations.Their mental health risks have attracted more and more attention.Extant research has found that the psychological problems of rescuers are mainly stress-related disorders,negative emotions and burnout.Adverse rescue working conditions,trauma exposure and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are the main risk factors for the mental health of rescuers;favorable conditions in rescue work,social support,psychological resilience and adaptive emotion regulation strategies are the protective factors for mental health.The intervention for psychological problems of rescuers can be divided into online and offline ways.There are still some deficiencies in the intervention of psychological problems of rescue workers,so it is necessary to establish a systematic intervention system.

关 键 词：救援人员 灾难 心理健康 创伤 干预 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]