基于数字图像处理技术的裸岩率提取方法——以蒙自断陷盆地高原面为例  

Preliminary Research on A Method of Outcrops Extraction on Karst Gabin Ecosystem Based on Digital Image Processing:the Case of the Mengzi Gabin Basin

作　　者：殷哲[1,2] 单志杰 秦伟[1,2] 于洋[3] 郭乾坤[1,2] 李柏[1,2] 王丹丹[1,2] YIN Zhe;SHAN Zhijie;QIN Wei;YU Yang;GUO Qiankun;LI Bai;WANG Dandan(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research/State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100048,China;Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing,100048,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院/流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2020年第6期26-33,共8页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502503)。

摘　　要：地表裸岩出露是喀斯特石漠化生态系统典型的地貌景观之一。裸岩率作为石漠化等级划分的一个重要指标,对其进行精准提取,可为摸清石漠化地区裸岩分布特征以及石漠化等级划分提供依据。为探讨喀斯特断陷盆地典型地貌环境下地表裸岩的分布格局,该研究以蒙自断陷盆地高原面为对象,采用无人机拍摄图像与数字图像处理技术相结合的方法,精确提取植被恢复后的喀斯特断陷盆地高原面裸岩率特征。结果表明:数字图像处理技术能够用于喀斯特地区裸岩率的准确提取,无人机技术与数字图像处理技术的有效结合,可以快速获取断陷盆地典型地貌范围内的裸岩率数据。通过对蒙自断陷盆地高原面不同裸岩分布条件下25处典型地貌的信息进行无人机航拍与图像处理分析,裸岩率在2.7%-28.9%之间。当无人机飞行高度大于200 m时,裸岩提取精度会受影响,影响因素包括图像像素、拍摄角度、采集区域面积等,该方法将会大大提高喀斯特地区裸岩率提取效率和准确度。Rock outcrops are common features of the Karst ecosystem.The bare rock rate is an important indicator for rocky desertification grades classification,and its accurate extraction could benefit for understanding the distribution characteristics of rock outcrops in desertification areas and the classification of rocky desertification grades.In order to explore the distribution pattern of surface bare rocks in typical geomorphic environment of the Karst gabin basin,the Mengzi gabin basin was selected as the research site.The combination of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)shooting images and digital images processing technology were used,and the characteristics of bare rock rate on the Karst fault basin after vegetation restoration were shaped.Our results showed that digital image processing technology could be used for extraction of bare rock rate in Karst area,and the effective combination of UAV technology and digital image processing technology could quickly obtain bare rock rate data of typical landform in Karst gabin basins.After performing drone aerial photography on 26 typical landform information under different bare rock distribution conditions on the Mengzi gabin basin,the results of the image processing analysis showed that the bare rock rate was between 2.7%-28.9%.When the UAV’s flying height is higher than 200 m,the bare rock extraction accuracy will be affected.The influencing factors include the image pixels,the shooting angle,and the area of the collection area.This research will greatly improve the extraction efficiency and accuracy of bare rock rate in Karst areas.

关 键 词：石漠化 裸岩率 断陷盆地 无人机 图像处理 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] TN219[农业科学—农业基础科学]