毛木耳优良杂交菌株的选育  

Breeding of Superior Hybrid Strains of Auricularia cornea

作　　者：姚方杰[1,2] 孙文娟 鲁丽鑫[1] 王鹏 陆甲 张友民[1] YAO Fang-jie;SUN Wen-juan;LU Li-xin;WANG Peng;LU Jia;ZHANG You-min(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Internationally Cooperative Research Center of China for New Gennplasm Breading of Edible Mushroom,Ministry of Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Institute of Economical Plants Research,Academy of Agricultural Science of Jilin Province,Gongzhuling 136105,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学食用菌新种质资源创制国际联合研究中心,吉林长春130118 [3]吉林省农业科学院经济植物研究所,吉林公主岭136105

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2020年第11期18-21,共4页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：2016年国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：毛木耳(Auricularia cornea)由于生产面积的不断扩大而已经成为我国第六大食用菌,生产上需要培育更多颜色不同、商品性状好、产量高的优良品种。以颜色较浅的毛木耳栽培菌株ZP (浅褐色、大片,扁圆形)与野生菌株YS (白褐色、小片,近圆形)为亲本,单单杂交制备了100个杂交菌株。选择ZP的1个单核菌株与YS的3个单核菌株分别杂交以及ZP的3个单核菌株与YS的1个单核菌株分别杂交,得到5个杂交菌株(ZY1、ZY2、ZY3、ZY4、ZY5),随后进行拮抗试验与商品性状(颜色、耳片形状、大小)的遗传分析,并在海南进行生产试验(对照品种CK为当地栽培品种)。结果表明,5个杂交菌株之间及其与两亲本之间均产生拮抗现象;与较浅色亲本能够杂交出较深色的F1菌株,而且一个亲本的单核菌株与另一亲本的不同单核菌株进行杂交,杂交菌株商品性状不同,5个F1菌株均比亲本颜色深(ZY1、ZY3、ZY4为深褐色,ZY2、ZY5为褐色),耳片更宽,呈扁宽圆形,厚度超过双亲;5个杂交菌株适宜在海南省栽培,产量均超过对照品种,并且其中4个杂交菌株的泡发度也同时高于对照品种,可以作为新品种进一步开发利用。Auricularia cornea has become the sixth largest edible fungi in China with the expanding production area. It needs more varieties with different colors, good commodity properties and high yield. A total of 100 hybrid strains were prepared by mon-mon hybridization, the light colored cultivated strain ZP(light brown, large, oblate) and wild strain YS(white brown, small piece, nearly round) as parents. Five hybrid strains(ZY1, ZY2, ZY3, ZY4, ZY5) were obtained by crossing one monokaryotic strain of ZP with three monokaryotic strains of YS and three monokaryotic strains of ZP with one monokaryotic strain of YS, respectively.The antagonistic test and genetic analysis of commercial characters(color, shape and size) were carried out. The production test was carried out in Hainan province(CK was the local cultivar). The results showed that the five hybrid strains were antagonistic to each other and to their parents. The lighter color parents could be crossed to get the darker F1 strains, and the commercial character of the hybrid strains were different when the monokaryotic strains of one parent were crossed with the different monokaryotic strains of the other parent. The five F1 strains were darker than their parents(ZY1, ZY3 and ZY4 were dark brown, ZY2 and ZY5 were brown), and their fruit bodies were wider, oblate and round, and thicker than that of their parents.Five hybrid strains were suitable for cultivation in Hainan province, and their yields were higher than those of the control varieties. Among them, 4 hybrid strains had higher blister degree than the control varieties, which could be further developed and as new varieties.

关 键 词：毛木耳 杂交 颜色 超亲遗传 耳片 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]