不同C/N比和碳源种类对养殖水体氨氮去除途径及氮源选择的影响  

Effect of C/N ratio and carbon sources on ammonia nitrogen uptake and selection of nitrogen sources in aquaculture systems

作　　者：薛一鸣 李丽[1,2] 李皇 董双林 XUE Yiming;LI Li;LI Huang;DONG Shuanglin(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266235,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266235

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2020年第6期93-98,133,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0122100)资助。

摘　　要：本实验探讨了不同C/N比和碳源的添加对养殖水体氨氮转化途径的影响,并对水体微生物对氨氮和硝氮的选择性吸收进行了探究。实验共设计5个处理,其中对照组不添加碳源,糖蜜添加组添加不同浓度的糖蜜(分别为理论碳源添加量的33%,66%,100%),聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)添加组以PHBV为碳源。在不放置养殖生物的情况下,根据相应水体的养殖密度计算投喂饲料和添加碳源的量。实验结果表明,添加碳源形成的异养细菌可有效控制养殖系统中氨氮含量,不同C/N比和碳源的添加对氨氮去除效率影响不大,PHBV也可以有效控制水体氨氮浓度;碳源添加组前期主要通过硝化作用转化氨氮,异养细菌成熟后,系统硝化速率降低,异养细菌同化作用成为主要的氨氮去除途径;糖蜜添加组水体微生物优先选择氨氮作为氮源。In this study, we explored the effects of different C/N ratios and carbon sources on ammonia-nitrogen conversion, and explored the selection of nitrogen sources by microorganism. Five treatments were established: control with no added carbonsource, biofloc technology systems(BFTs) treated with molasses at three levels, 33%, 66% and 100% and a system receivingpoly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid)(PHBV). The addition of feed and carbon source were calculated based on the culture density of the corresponding water body. The heterotrophic bacteria can effectively control the ammonia nitrogen in the culture system. Different C/N ratios and carbon sources did not cause obvious differences on water quality among systems, and PHBV has the same ability to control TAN. During early stages of culture, nitrification played an important role in TAN removing. The heterotrophic bacteria became the main mediators of assimilating TAN after the biofloc was established, and heterotrophic bacteria can inhibit the nitrification. The microorganisms in molasses adding biofloc system selected ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source.

关 键 词：C/N比 硝化作用 异养细菌 氮源 PHBV 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]