阶梯式吞咽障碍食品方案对咽喉肿瘤术后患者吞咽功能的效果观察  

Effects of Stepped Feeding Program with Dysphagia Food on Swallowing Function of Postoperative Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Tumor

作　　者：李珍[1] 岳丽青[1] 谢常宁[1] 彭翰青 李聪婵 杨洋[1] LI Zhen;YUE Liqing;XIE Changning;PENG HanQing;LI CongChan;YANG Yang(Teaching and Research Department of Clinical Nursing,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha,410008,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院临床护理学教研室,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《解放军护理杂志》2021年第1期68-71,共4页Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：湖南省科技发展计划(创新平台与人才计划)专项资金资助项目(2017TP1004)。

摘　　要：目的观察阶梯式吞咽障碍食品方案对咽喉肿瘤术后患者吞咽功能的效果。方法便利抽样选取咽喉肿瘤术后吞咽障碍患者64例,按入院时间先后分为观察组(n=33)和对照组(n=31)。对照组给予常规饮食,指导患者食用米糊、黑芝麻糊等糊状餐;观察组采用阶梯式的吞咽障碍食品方案进行阶梯式摄食。比较两组患者住院期间误吸的发生率、主观喜食度VAS评分、术后30 d经口摄食功能评分(functional oral intake scale,FOIS)以及体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)变化情况。结果干预后,观察组误吸发生率、BMI下降值均低于对照组,观察组主观喜食度VAS评分和FIOS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论阶梯式吞咽障碍食品方案能有效减少咽喉肿瘤患者误吸发生率,改善吞咽功能和提高主观喜食度,减少体质量下降程度。Objective To evaluate the effects of stepped feeding program with dysphagia food on swallowing function of postoperative patients with laryngopharyngeal tumor.Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 64 patients with dysphagia after the operation of laryngopharyngeal tumor.They were divided into the observation group(n=33)and the control group(n=31)according to the time of admission.The control group received routine diet nursing,such as guiding patients to eat rice paste,black sesame paste and other paste meals;the observation group received the stepped feeding program with dysphagia food to implement progressive feeding.Changes of the aspiration rate during hospitalization,visual analogue scale(VAS)score of eating preference,Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)score 30 days after operation,and Body Mass Index(BMI)of the patients in the two groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the aspiration rate and the decreased value of BMI of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group;the VAS score of eating preference and FIOS score in the observation group were both significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusions The stepped feeding program with dysphagia food can effectively reduce the incidence of aspiration in postoperative patients with laryngopharyngeal tumor,improve their swallowing function and subjective eating preference,and reduce the degree of weight loss.

关 键 词：喉癌 下咽癌 吞咽障碍 食品 增稠剂 

分 类 号：R473.76[医药卫生—护理学]