华北寒旱区不同品种马铃薯的氮效率评价  

Evaluation of nitrogen efficiency on potatoes with different genotypes in cold and arid regions of Northern China

作　　者：任冬雪 张立峰[1,2] 刘玉华[1,2] 田再民[3] 龚学臣[3] REN Dongxue;ZHANG Lifeng;LIU Yuhua;Tian Zaimin;GONG Xuechen(Agronomy College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China;Zhangbei Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station, Ministry ofAgriculture of China, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 076450, China;College of Agriculture and Forestry, HeBei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [2]农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北张家口076450 [3]河北北方学院农林科技学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第6期13-21,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业体系“马铃薯品种筛选与繁育”(HBCT2018080201)。

摘　　要：采用裂区试验设计,以华北坝上及其周边寒旱区15个常规栽培品种为供试材料,设置不施氮与施氮两个水平,从块茎产量、氮吸收量、氮生物学效率、肥料氮农学效率、偏生产力、表观利用率等方面进行不同品种氮效率评价;在此基础上,采用隶属函数法对各品种进行综合氮效率鉴评与分类。结果表明:品种、施氮水平、品种×施氮水平等对马铃薯产量具有极显著的影响,在不施氮肥的条件下北方002的产量最高,为5863 kg·hm^-2,冀张薯12号的氮素生物学效率最高,为92.10 kg·kg^-1;在施氮肥的条件下荷十五的产量最高,为8284 kg·hm^-2,V7的氮素生物学效率最高,为59.05 kg·kg^-1。15个品种在氮效率性状如地力产量、施氮肥后产量、块茎氮吸收量、肥料氮农学效率、肥料氮偏生产力、肥料氮表观利用率等方面存在宽幅变异,变幅范围为21%~58%。在未施氮肥条件下,马铃薯不同品种产量(Y)与块茎含氮量(X)呈极显著负相关,Y=-0.0019X+22.045(R^2=0.6269**);在施氮条件下,产量与块茎含氮量无显著相关,而肥料氮表观利用率(Y)与肥料氮偏生产力(X)之间呈极显著正相关,Y=1.617X-21.784(R^2=0.7465**)。隶属函数分析表明,荷十五、希森6号与斯凡特(F8)具有较高的综合氮效率,可作为氮高效品种应用于生产或作为氮高效种质材料。In order to screen nitrogen(N)efficient varieties for production or breeding new variety as germplasm resource that is an important and cost-effective way to improve the effectiveness of fertilizer inputs in potato fields,adopting the split-plot designs using 15 conventional varieties as test materials cultivated around Bashang and circumambient cold and arid regions,with two N levels were conducted to evaluate the N efficiency of different varieties in terms of yield,N absorption,biological efficiency of N,agronomic efficiency of fertilizer N,partial productivity efficiency,and apparent utilization rate.On the basis of this,the subordinate function method was used to evaluate and classify the comprehensive N efficiency of each variety.The results showed that variety,N level and variety×N level had very significant effect on potato yield.Under the condition of no N,the highest yield of variety was Beifang 002 with a yield of 5863 kg·hm^-2 and the highest N biological efficiency of variety was Jinzhangshu 12 at 92.10 kg·kg^-1.Under the condition of N,the highest yield of variety was Heshiwu with a yield of 8284 kg·hm^-2,the highest N biological efficiency of variety was V7 at 59.05 kg·kg^-1.The N efficiency of variety varied widely in terms of ground force yield,yield after N,N absorption,biological efficiency of N,agronomic efficiency of fertilizer N,partial productivity efficiency,and apparent utilization rate,CV was between 21%~58%.The yield(Y)of different potato varieties was negatively correlated with the N content(X)of tubers under the condition of no N application,Y=-0.0019X+22.045(R^2=0.6269**);the yield(Y)was not significantly correlated with the N content of tubers under the condition of N,while the apparent utilization of tuber N was positively correlated with the P artial productivity efficiency(X),Y=1.617X-21.784(R^2=0.7465**).The subordinate function analysis showed that Heshiwu,Xisen 6,and Sifante(F8)had high comprehensive N efficiency and could be used in production as N efficient varieties or

关 键 词：马铃薯 品种 氮效率评价 隶属函数 华北寒旱区 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] N143.1[自然科学总论]