非传统安全研究的语言学途径:以安全话语隐喻图景建构为例  

The Linguistic Approach to Non-traditional Security Studies:A Case Study on Constructing the Metaphor Scenarios in Security Discourse

作　　者：方菁 郭继荣[1] Fang Jing;Guo Jirong(School of Foreign Studies,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学外国语学院,西安710049

出　　处：《情报杂志》2021年第1期89-98,共10页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家民委项目“中国特色解决民族问题之话语权与国际影响力提升路径”(编号:2020-GMB-046)研究成果之一;陕西省社会科学基金项目“文化自信视阈下的陕西文化形象塑造与传播研究”(编号:2016ZB002)研究成果之一;中国博士后科学基金面上项目“基于语义网的中国对外政治话语隐喻图景及其译介策略研究”(编号:2020M683442)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]语言贯穿于非传统安全的多个方面,不仅可以成为安全化的指涉对象,还能够发挥其修辞、认知、评价与建构功能赋予存在性威胁以合法性,影响受众对国家政策的接受度。深入探究隐喻图景与反恐现实之间的关联,有助于发挥隐喻在反恐情报汇集、甄别与研判中的重要作用。[方法/过程]选取12个国家的52家主流媒体相关报道建立非传统安全话语专题语料库,使用Wmatrix语料库软件和语义网络分析技术整体呈现隐喻图景,揭示隐喻模式及其蕴涵意义。[结果/结论]恐怖主义媒介话语的隐喻图景以犯罪隐喻、战争隐喻、道德隐喻、疾病隐喻和自然隐喻为主要的隐喻类别,通过揭示恐怖主义基本特征、塑造参与者身份形象、描述两极化与妖魔化的故事情节、激活受众认知框架并做出道德评价等方式建构出一幅复杂多元的隐喻图景。隐喻通过塑造受众的认知模式间接地作用于反恐政策的制定与实施,是拓展非传统安全研究维度的可能路径。[Purpose/Significance]Language exists in many aspects of non-traditional security.It can not only become the referent object of securitization,but can also give full play to its rhetoric,cognitive,evaluative and constructive functions to legitimize existential threats,and affect the public support of government policies.An in-depth exploration of the relationship between metaphor scenarios and the current counter-terrorism situations will help to play the important role of metaphor in collecting,screening and judging the counter-terrorism intelligence.[Method/Process]Based on a specialized corpus about non-traditional security news from 52 mainstream media in 12 countries,this study draws on the analytical tools of Wmatrix and semantic network to present the metaphorical scenario as a whole,revealing the metaphorical patterns and their entailments in detail.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that the metaphors concerning crime,war,morality,disease and nature constitute the main metaphorical scenario.In the process of constructing a complex and diverse metaphorical scenario,metaphor exerts its influence by revealing basic features of terrorism,constructing the identity of participants,describing the storyline of polarization and demonization,activating the audience'cognitive frames and making moral judgements.Finally,it suggests that metaphor indirectly affects the formulation and implementation of counter-terrorism strategies by shaping the cognitive model of the audience,and that exploring metaphor scenarios further in the future is a possible way to expand the scope of non-traditional security research.

关 键 词：非传统安全 隐喻图景 反恐 语料库 语义网络分析 

分 类 号：G212[文化科学—新闻学] G353.1