基于小波支持向量机模型的矿区生态安全评价方法研究  

Ecological Security Evaluation of Mining Area Based on WSVM

作　　者：谭吉玉[1] 刘高常[1] TAN Jiyu;LIU Gaochang(Mining Development Research Center,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学矿业发展研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2020年第6期902-909,共8页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地招标项目“新常态下矿业城市跨区域生态环境治理联动研究”(编号:JD17063);江西理工大学矿业发展研究中心重点课题“江西省矿区环境污染的合作网络治理机制与绿色发展路径研究”(编号:KYZX2017-1);江西理工大学繁荣哲学社会科学重点项目“稀土矿区跨区域污染防治合作长效机制及关系风险研究”(编号:FZ18-ZD-01);江西省教育厅科技项目“稀土矿区跨区域污染防治的府际合作机制及关系风险研究”(编号:GJJ18034)联合资助。

摘　　要：生态环境质量诊断和安全评价是保障矿区经济高质量发展的重要组成部分。针对当前矿区生态安全评价方法精度不高的问题,从生态环境质量、污染物排放、生态保护、环境承载力和系统协调5个方面构建评价指标体系。通过核函数选择,构造广义最优分类超平面,将小波理论和支持向量机方法有机结合,建立联合评价模型,并运用于G稀土矿区进行实例验证。结果表明:该稀土矿区Ⅰ级风险区域(即环境差区)有10个,Ⅱ级风险区域(即环境较差区)为8个。与GIS识别结果比较,模型的误差率为5%,说明模型具有较好的预警精度。模型整体预测性能较优,在非线性时间序列领域具有很好的表现和应用前景。In the primary stage of mining area development,economic growth should be realized by relying on resource endowment of mining area.The high consumption of resources and energy and the high input of production factors give rise to the huge cost of environmental damage in the mining area,the pollution problems are evolving from simple one-way to complex ones.The system of compensation for ecological and environmental damages is conducive to solving the law enforcement dilemma of“corporate pollutes,residents victims,government pays”,and helping China’s ecological and environmental protection to the depth of development.However,ecological safety evaluation can provide a basis for the diagnosis of ecological environment quality and compensation for damages in mining areas,and they are also an important part of highquality development of mining area economy.Aiming at the low accuracy of themining ecological security evaluation,the index system for mine ecological security evaluation was designed,including mining environment quality,pollutant discharge or emission,ecological protection,carrying capacity and the coordination of ecological system.Furthermore,20 secondary indexes were set,such as vegetation coverage rate,pollution source diffusion rate,land reclamation rate and so on.The quasi-optimal classification hyperplane was constructed based on selected kernel function to combine Wavelet Theory with Support Vector Machines,and an integer hybrid model was established.The evaluation model was applied to the‘G’rare earth mining area,and the results show that there are 10 samples with gradeⅠrisk level,that is,their environment are poor,and there are 8 samples with gradeⅡrisk level,that is,the environment is poorer.Compared with results by GIS identifying,the error rate of the model is 5%,which has better warning accuracy.Further,compared with BP neural network,ARIMA and other methods commonly used at present,the proposed model has wellforecasting performance,can represent the nonlinear time series well.So,

关 键 词：矿区 生态安全 评价模型 小波支持向量机 核函数 GIS 

分 类 号：X822[环境科学与工程—环境工程]