7~8世纪东南亚倚坐佛像起源与传播研究新视野  

New Perspectives on the Origin and Spread of Bhadrāsana Buddhas throughout Southeast Asia(7th-8th Centuries CE)

作　　者：尼古拉斯·雷维尔 冯筱媛(译) Nicolas Revire

机构地区：[1]泰国国立法政大学 [2]中山大学历史系

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2020年第2期247-264,共18页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：倚坐佛像(Skt.bhadrāsana)学者们曾将这种坐姿称为“欧式坐姿”或倚坐。出于多种原因,这两个术语都不尽如人意,并受到了批评。频繁出现于公元1千纪亚洲佛教造像中。其主要有两种手势,单手说法印(vitarkamudrā),或是双手说法印的变体手势——转法轮印(dharmacakramudrāor dharmacakrapra-vartanamudrā)。有这类手印的造像在亚洲佛教中的传播是不均衡的。虽然这种坐姿和说法印的组合经常出现在大陆、东南亚海域以及中亚和东亚,但在印度次大陆却是极其罕见的。相反,与转法轮印的组合多出现在南亚及东南亚海域北部,而在东南亚大陆和东亚都没有发现。This paper discusses the seated Buddhas in the so-called“European fashion”(Skt.bhadrāsana),often found in Southeast Asia during the 7th-8th centuries in Java,the Mekong Delta and particularly in the art of Dvāravatī,one of Thailand s oldest religious cultures.While dealing with stylistic and iconographic questions,this paper also attempts to trace the origins of this specific posture,how it spread throughout Southeast Asia,as well as examining its meanings.In doing so,I focus on the different areas of India,central Asia,China and Japan for comparative studies.My research tends to show that this iconographic trend is best affiliated with East Asian models during the early Tang period rather than with Gupta and post-Gupta images directly from India.Possible prototypes for later development in Southeast Asia are the“King Udayana statues”at the Longmen Caves dated by inscriptions from ca.655-680.

关 键 词：转法轮 佛教造像 说法印 印度次大陆 佛像 东南亚 坐姿 起源与传播 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]