行政诉讼受案范围与原告资格关系之辨  

On the Distinguishment between the Scope of Cases Acceptedand the Qualification as a Plaintiff in Administrative Litigation

作　　者：黄宇骁 Huang Yuxiao

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第2期108-125,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：上海市晨光计划项目“行政法权利理论审视:以行政诉讼原告资格为切入点”(项目编号:20GC16)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在我国,行政法学理论与实务对行政诉讼受案范围与原告资格关系的认识存在混淆。就受案范围来说,从行为作出结果出发判断是否“实际影响权利义务”,从而界定行为属性的做法,既是循环论证,也是受案范围容易与原告资格混淆的根本原因。正确的逻辑应当是从构成要件出发判断行为属性,“实际影响权利义务”是一个行为属于行政行为之后的当然结果。就原告资格来说,相对人受到行政行为法律效果侵害,遵从行为不法的逻辑,受案范围满足即意味着原告资格的满足。其他利害关系人受到行政行为事实效果侵害,遵从结果不法的逻辑,原告资格判断需要另行从损害结果出发归责行为违法性。受案范围与原告资格纠缠形成的牵连性阶段体系表明,应当探索在终局行为前阶段构建定分止争制度。There is confusion in the relationship between the scope of cases accepted and the qualification as a plaintiff of an administrative litigation in the theory and practice of the administrative law.As far as the scope of cases accepted is concerned,the practice of determining whether rights and obligations are actually influenced from the result of an act and thus defining the nature of such act is not only a circular argumentation,but also the root cause of being confused with the qualification as a plaintiff.The correct logic should be as follows:the nature of an act should be determined according to the constituent elements,and the"actual influence on rights and obligations"is the natural result after an act is determined as an administrative act.As far as the qualification as a plaintiff is concerned,if the counterparty is infringed by the legal effect of an administrative act,by following the logic in the unlawfulness of an act,falling under the scope of cases accepted means the satisfaction of the qualification as a plaintiff.If other interested parties are infringed by the factual effect of an administrative act,by following the logic in the unlawfulness of consequence,the judgment on qualification as a plaintiff shall be made separately from the result of damage to impute the unlawfulness of an act.The linking stage system formed by the entanglement of the scope of cases accepted and the qualification as a plaintiff indicates that the dispute settlement system should be established in the pre-stage of a final act.

关 键 词：行政诉讼起诉条件 受案范围 原告资格 行政行为法律效果 实际影响权利义务 

分 类 号：DF74[政治法律—诉讼法学]