词汇语义学的根本问题及其回答:认知词汇语义学视角  

Fundamental Issues in Lexical Semantics and Their Answers:Cognitive Lexical Semantics Approach

作　　者：魏琛 倪盛俭[3] WEI Chen;NI Shengjian(College of Humanities and Teachers’Education,Wuyi University,Wuyishan,Fujian 354300;School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241;School of Humanities and Law,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]武夷学院人文与教师教育学院,福建武夷山354300 [2]华东师范大学外语学院,上海200241 [3]贵州财经大学文法学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《武夷学院学报》2020年第11期51-61,共11页Journal of Wuyi University

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金西部项目(18XYY032);2019年度福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(高校外语教改科研专项)(JZ190089);2018年度福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAS180526)。

摘　　要：通过梳理和论述范畴结构的原型模式、概念隐喻与转喻理论、理想认知模型以及框架理论等认知语义学核心理论的主要观点、理论基础和研究方法,试图基于此回答Paradis针对词汇语义学理论健壮性发展的内在要求而提出的5大根本问题,并对该系列文章做了总结。研究发现,认知语义学持最大化主义意义观,倡导意义的概念化基础、语境观、百科知识观和心理观,对Paradis之问作了全面的回答。其体现了如下观点:语境、语用意义具有可变性;意义是超越词语边界的认知现象;意义理解涉及视角化和概念的心理表征;其共同之处是着重对语义变化的研究。文章指出:认知语义学是对先前研究的延续与深度发展,在继承学术传统的基础上,在与同一学科不同流派在不断融合中朝深度发展,并在不断地与不同学科的理论或研究方法相结合的过程中朝广度拓展;依据现有语料,建立语言模型,对将来可能的语言现象做出一定的预测,试图在科学哲学范式的指导下实现解释充分性和表征充分性。其启示是:单一的理论框架对语义现象无法实现描写和解释的充分性;语义研究需要基于整体性视角的多维融合研究。文章对语言本体研究、语言教学、词典编撰和自然语言处理等有一定的参考价值。By combing the core theories of Cognitive Semantics,like Prototype Model of Category Structure,Theories of Conceptual Metaphor&Metonymy,Idealized Cognitive Model&Frame Semantics,on their main points,theoretical framework&research methods,the thesis tries to answer Paradis’five fundamental issues in Lexical Semantics;and at the end of the thesis,we draw a conclusion on the series theses.Research shows that Cognitive Semantics,holding a perspective on Maximalism,and advocating that the lexical meaning has its bases of concept,context,encyclopedia&psychology,fully answers Paradis’issues.It holds the following standpoints:1.Contextual and pragmatic meanings of a lexicon have its variability.2.Meaning is a kind of cognitive phenomena that goes beyond its lexical boundary.3.The understanding of meanings involves the vision&the mental representation of the concepts.Common feature derived from them is that they all empathizes the studying of semantic variability.It is pointed out that as the continuation and deep development of previous researches,Cognitive semantics inherits the previous academic traditions.It not only develops in depth with different schools of the same discipline,but it also expands its scopes in the process of constantly combining with the theories or research methods of different disciplines.Moreover,based upon the current linguistic data and linguistic models,it tries to realize both explanatory adequacy and representational adequacy under the guidance of Kuhn’s paradigm of Philosophical science.The inspiration is that every single theoretical framework might fail to realize its descriptive adequacy and explanatory adequacy of the lexical meaning.Thus,an integral model based on multi-dimensional,holistic perspectives is a necessity in semantics research.It is believed that the essay is conducive to language teaching,dictionary compilation and Natural Language Processing.

关 键 词：词汇语义学的根本问题 认知词汇语义学 语言学流派 融合模型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]