微生物降粘技术及其研究进展  

Microbial visbreaking techniques and progress

作　　者：牛建杰 刘琦 吕静[2] 杨磊磊 彭勃[1] NIU Jian-jie;LIU Qi;LV Jing;YANG Lei-lei;PENG Bo(The Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute,Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage andCO-EOR,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;College of New Energy and Materials,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院,温室气体封存与石油开采利用北京市重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)新能源与材料学院,北京102249

出　　处：《应用化工》2021年第1期144-151,共8页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51604288,41702249)。

摘　　要：论述了具有绿色环保、价格友好和独特的油藏适应性优点的微生物降粘技术及其作用途径,主要包括利用生物表面活性剂实现润湿反转、降低油/水界面张力、乳化分散原油的乳化降粘途径;利用生物酶与微生物自身代谢转化作用实现的有氧/无氧降解降粘途径。此外,还讨论了微生物降粘技术目前仍存在的诸如发酵产量较低,单一生物表面活性剂降粘效果差等关键问题及其研究现状,并对微生物降粘技术下一阶段的研究与发展方向进行了展望。The microbial visbreaking techniques technology with the advantages of green environmental protection,price friendliness and unique reservoir adaptability and its path of viscosity reduction are reviewed,including emulsification viscosity reduction by using biosurfactants to achieve wetting reversal,reducing oil-water interfacial tension,emulsifying and dispersing crude oil,and degradation viscosity reduction by using of microbial metabolism and enzyme such as alkyl-monooxygenase/hydroxylase.In addition,the key issues and research status of the current microbial viscosity reduction technology are discussed,such as low fermentation yield and poor viscosity reduction effect of a single biosurfactant.In the end,the future research and development direction of microbial viscosity reduction methods are prospected.

关 键 词：提高采收率 降粘技术 微生物降粘 生物表面活性剂 生物降解 

分 类 号：TQ92[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程] TQ920