不同品种海棠花粉及液体授粉浓度对‘富士’苹果品质的影响  

Effects of Pollen and Liquid Pollination Concentrations of Different Varieties of Crabapple on Quality of‘Fuji’Apples

作　　者：刘业萍 庞会灵 毛云飞[1] 张璐璐 沈向[1] 尹伊君 宿夏菲 胡艳丽[1] Liu Yeping;Pang Huiling;Mao Yunfei;Zhang Lulu;Shen Xiang;Yin Yijun;Su Xiafei;Hu Yanli(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第1期38-45,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省水果创新团队(SDAIT-06-07);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GNC113019);山东省良种工程重点项目(2019LZGC007)。

摘　　要：探讨不同品种海棠花粉及液体授粉浓度对‘富士’苹果坐果率、果实品质和香气物质的影响,运用主成分分析法筛选出对品质影响最大的指标,并确定最佳授粉品种与浓度,为选出高效省工液体授粉参数和提高苹果果实品质提供理论依据。选用‘钻石’‘红丽’‘道格’海棠花粉及其1∶1∶1混合花粉为试材,花粉浓度分别为0.03%、0.04%、0.05%,在‘富士’(Malus×domestica‘Fuji’)盛花期进行液体授粉,以同龄自然授粉树为对照,成熟期对坐果率、果实外在和内在品质、香气物质成分进行测定。结果表明,花粉品种和浓度对坐果率、果形指数、单果重、果实硬度及可滴定酸、维生素C和花色苷含量影响显著,可溶性糖含量受花粉品种影响显著,但对不同授粉浓度反应无显著变化。各花粉品种均在浓度为0.05%时,‘富士’果实的内在和外在品质最好。酯类是‘富士’苹果的主要香气物质,混合花粉浓度为0.04%、‘钻石’和‘道格’花粉浓度0.05%时酯类物质含量与对照相比明显提高,而‘红丽’各浓度处理的酯类物质含量均明显低于对照。通过主成分分析提取了3个主成分,累积方差贡献率为84.352%,主要解释坐果率、果形指数、单果重、果实硬度、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、花色苷、乙酸乙酯和2-甲基丁酸丁酯;主成分因子综合得分前3名的分别为‘钻石’浓度0.05%、‘道格’浓度0.05%、‘红丽’浓度0.05%,说明这三种处理的‘富士’果实综合品质最佳,且坐果率在合理范围内,达到了疏花疏果、提升果实品质的目的。The effects of different varieties of crabapple pollen and the concentrations of liquid pollination on fruit set rate,fruit quality and aroma substances of‘Fuji’apples were investigated,and the indicators with the greatest effect on quality were screened out using principal component analysis to determine the best pollination variety and concentration.It could provide a theoretical basis for selecting efficient and labor-saving liquid pollination parameters and improving apple fruit quality.The pollen of Malus spectabilis‘Sparkler’,M.‘Red Splender’,M.‘Dolgo’and their 1∶1∶1 mixture was selected as test materials with pollen concentrations of 0.03%,0.04%and 0.05%,respectively.Liquid pollination was carried out at flowering stage of‘Fuji’(Malus×domestica‘Fuji’),and natural pollinated trees of the same age were used as controls.At maturity,fruit set rate,external and internal fruit quality,and aroma components were determined.The results showed that pollen variety and concentration had significant effects on fruit set rate,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,fruit hardness,and contents of titratable acid,vitamin C and anthocyanin,while soluble sugar content was significantly affected by pollen variety,but did not change significantly in response to different pollination concentrations.The best intrinsic and extrinsic quality of‘Fuj’fruit was obtained at the concentration of 0.05%for all pollen varieties.Ester was the main aroma substance of‘Fuji’apples,and the ester content was significantly higher at 0.04%of mixed pollen,0.05%of M.‘Sparkler’and M.‘Dolgo’pollens compared to the control,while that of‘Red Splender’was significantly lower at all concentrations.Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis with a cumulative variance contribution of 84.352%,mainly explaining fruit set rate,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,fruit hardness,soluble sugar,titratable acid,anthocyanin,ethyl acetate and butyl 2-methylbutyrate.The top three princip

关 键 词：液体授粉 ‘富士’苹果 海棠花粉 果实品质 香气成分 

分 类 号：S661.103[农业科学—果树学]