福建省报考军校高中生视力及其影响因素  

Visual Acuity and Influencing Factors of High School Students Applying for Military Academy in Fujian Province

作　　者：江川 温倩 陈梅珠 吴爱平 王文玲 JIANG Chuan;WEN Qian;CHEN Meizhu;WU Aiping;WANG Wenling(Department of Ophthalmology,The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force,Dongfang Hospital,Xiamen University,Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350025,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital,Fuzhou 350003,China;Department of Medical Statistics,The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force,Fuzhou 350025,China)

机构地区：[1]联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院眼科,厦门大学附属东方医院,福建医科大学福总临床医学院,福州350025 [2]福建省级机关医院眼科,福州350003 [3]联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院统计室,福州350025

出　　处：《福建医科大学学报》2020年第6期454-460,共7页Journal of Fujian Medical University

摘　　要：目的了解报考军队院校高中毕业生的视力状况及其影响因素。方法检测福建省2019年报考军队院校的1013例应届高中毕业生的裸眼远视力等指标,组织填写调查问卷。采用χ^2检验、非参数检验和方差分析进行单因素分析,采用非条件Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果回收有效问卷999份。视力不良率为74.07%,其中中、重度视力不良率为63.46%。男、女生视力不良率分别为71.46%和84.06%,同学年不同年龄组间视力不良率比较,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,女性、家庭居住乡村、高考成绩分数高、不关注眼睛保护信息、家庭不能提供眼睛保护知识、看书距离<30 cm、经常趴在桌子上和躺在床上学习看书、每次学习平均持续时间1 h以上、课间休息时仍在教室学习、日均户外活动时间少、认为为了学习损伤视力值得、对参军必须视力好的认知滞后且不足等因素是损害视力的危险因素。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、家庭居住乡村、经常趴在桌子上学习、每次学习持续时间增加1 h、对学习损伤视力值得与否的认知、对参军必须视力好的认知等因素有显著性意义。结论报考军校的高中生视力较普通人群好,但离军校的要求仍有很大的差距。要切实减轻学习负担,加强眼保健宣教,增加户外锻炼,矫正不良姿势,提高对视力重要性的认知,特别要做好重点人群(如女生、乡村学生、有参军愿意的学生)和重点阶段(中考和高考备考阶段)视力不良的预防和控制。Objective To understand the visual condition and its influencing factors of senior high school graduates applying for military academy.Methods A total of 1013 high school graduates who applied for military academy in Fujian Province in 2019 were tested for indicators such as naked eye distant vision,and 999 valid questionnaires were collected.Using chi-square test,univariate analysis was performed by non-parametric test and analysis of variance,and multivariate analysis was performed by unconditional Logistic regression analysis.Results The rate of visual impairment of high school graduates was 74.07%,of which 63.46%were moderate or severe.The rate of visual impairment in male and female students was 71.46%and 84.06%.Respectively there was no significant difference in the rate of visual impairment between different age groups in the same grade.Single factor analysis showed that female,rural families,high scores of college entrance examination,neglect of vision protection,families don't pay attention to protecting eyesight,the reading distance is less than 30 cm,always lying on the table and the bed to study,average duration of each study more than 1 h,still studying in the classroom during recess,less daily outdoor activities,the thought of it's worth the damage to eyesight for good grades,the cognitive lag in the need for good vision in the military are risk factors for impaired vision.Logistic regression analysis showed that female,families living in rural areas,often lying on the desk to study,each learning duration increased by 1 h,the sense of it is worthwhile to learn to damage vision,knowing to join the military must have good vision and other factors had significant significance.Conclusion High school students enrolled in military schools have better eyesight than the general population,but is still a big gap from the point of requirements.It is necessary to effectively reduce the burden of study,strengthen eye care education,increase outdoor exercise,correct bad posture,and improve the awareness of the i

关 键 词：视力 低 近视 高中 学生 军校 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科] R778.1[医药卫生—临床医学]