生态环境损害赔偿的实践省思与制度走向  

Practice Reflection and System Trend of Ecological Environment Damag Compensation

作　　者：廖华[1] LIAO Hua

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第1期50-59,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“区域环境保护府际协作法律机制研究”(16BFX135)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害赔偿经过前后两次共计四年的试点,已成为生态环境损害责任实现的重要途径,各地涌现出的试点政策、典型案例及试点过程均值得总结分析.通过分析发现,行政主体作为赔偿权利人具有制度优势,但也存在履职标准不明影响索赔效率的问题;磋商作为过滤机制,发挥了节约司法成本的功效,但效力不明;而磋商协议的司法确认由于与司法确认本质的背离在运作中有诸多困境.但整体而言,生态环境损害赔偿在实践中显现出的专业优势和公权背景,使受损生态利益的修复工作得以有效推动.«民法典»颁布后,应以«民法典»中生态环境损害责任条款为授权基础,通过特别立法赋权和规范行政主体作为生态利益的代表主张损害救济,并与公益诉讼形成恰当的递进关系.After four-year trials,the compensation for ecological environmental damage has become an important way torealize the responsibility for ecological environmental damage.The pilot policies,typical cases and pilot processes emerging invarious places are worthy of summary and analysis.Through the analysis,it is found that the administrative subject,as theright holder of compensation,has the institutional advantage,but there are also problems that the performance standard doesnot affect the efficiency of claim,and consultation,as a filtering mechanism,has the effect of saving judicial costs.However,on the whole,the professional advantages and public power background of ecological environment damage compensation inpractice make the restoration of damaged ecological interests effectively promoted.After the promulgation of the civil code itis necessary to take the ecological environment damage liability clause in the civil code as the authorization basis,endow andstandardize the administrative subject as the representative of ecological interests through special legislation to advocate dam-age relief,and form an appropriate progressive relationship with the public interest litigation.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 磋商 权利代表 职权法定 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]