轻度脑损伤与认知障碍的关系及机制研究进展  

Research progress of the relationship and mechanism between mild brain injury and cognitive impairment

作　　者：王楠星 杨钰婷 乐卫东[1] WANG Nanxing;YANG Yuting;LE Weidong(The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases,Dalian116011,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学附属第一医院辽宁省神经系统疾病临床医学研究中心,辽宁大连116011

出　　处：《大连医科大学学报》2020年第6期545-550,555,共7页Journal of Dalian Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81771521);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1306600)。

摘　　要：轻度脑损伤(mild traumatic brain injury,mTBI)为临床中常见外伤之一,在所有脑损伤中约占70%,但因其症状轻微,影像学表现不典型,易被医生和患者忽视。近年的研究表明mTBI与认知功能障碍存在相关性,mTBI可通过诱发脑代谢紊乱、激发炎症反应、打破自噬平衡等分子生物学机制,促进认知功能障碍形成和发展。mTBI患者脑内存在的脑白质损伤、血脑屏障破坏、脑血流改变及低氧状态,成为认知功能障碍的病理生理学基础。此外,mTBI患者更容易出现睡眠障碍并与认知功能障碍相互促进形成恶性循环。本文就mTBI与认知功能障碍的关系以及相关机制的研究进展进行综述。Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)is one of the common clinical traumatic injuries,accounting for about 70% of all brain injuries.Because of its mild symptoms and the lack of atypical imaging changes,mTBI is easily ignored by patients and doctors.However,recent studies have indicated that mTBI is associated with cognitive dysfunction.mTBI may promote the formation and development of cognitive dysfunction through molecular biological mechanisms such as inducing brain metabolic disorders,stimulating inflammation,and breaking the balance of autophagy.At the same time,the white matter damage,blood-brain barrier destruction,changes in cerebral blood flow and hypoxia in the brain of patients have become the pathophysiological basis of cognitive dysfunction.In addition,patients with mTBI are more likely to have sleep disturbances and interact with cognitive dysfunction to form a vicious circle.In the present review,the author summarized recent research progress about the relationship between mTBI and cognitive decline and discussed the possible mechanisms.

关 键 词：轻度脑损伤 脑震荡 慢性创伤性脑病 认知功能障碍 

分 类 号：R741.02[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]