使用机器人会导致企业劳动收入份额下降吗?  

Will Robots Cause a Decline in the Company s Labor Income Share:Experience Evidence from China Enterprise General Survey

作　　者：程虹[1] 王华星 石大千 Cheng Hong;Wang Huaxing;Shi Daqian(The Institute of Quality Development Strategy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学质量发展战略研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2021年第2期152-160,168,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“宏观经济整体和微观产品服务的质量‘双提高’机制研究”(15JZD023);国家社科基金重大项目“城市垃圾危机转化原理与方法研究”(16ZDA045);国家科技支撑计划课题“第三方检验检测综合科技服务平台研究及启示应用”(2015BAH27F01)

摘　　要：世界范围内初次收入分配中劳动所占份额呈现下降趋势的事实受到广泛关注,以机器人为代表的智能化、自动化技术的快速应用可能是一个重要的影响因素。本文通过理论分析描述了机器人影响劳动收入份额的经济逻辑,并利用2018年中国企业综合调查数据展开实证检验。实证结果表明,使用机器人对企业劳动收入份额具有显著负向影响;使用机器人所带来企业劳动工资率提高的幅度远低于劳动生产率提高的幅度,即劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高未能实现同步,是使用机器人企业劳动收入份额下降的主要原因;平均而言,企业使用机器人会导致劳动收入份额下降4%左右。进一步研究发现,机器人所引起的劳动收入份额下降在不同所有制、研发投入、人力资本的企业有显著差异。The fact that the share of labor in the first income distribution worldwide has been declining has received widespread attention,and the rapid application of intelligent and automated technologies represented by robots may be an important reason.This article describes the economic logic of robots influence on labor income share through theoretical analysis,and uses the 2018 China Enterprise General Survey Data(CEGS)to conduct empirical tests.The empirical results show that the use of robots has a significant negative impact on the labor income share of the enterprise.The increase in the labor wage rate of the enterprise caused by the use of robots is much lower than the increase in labor productivity,that is,the increase in labor compensation and the increase in labor productivity have not been realized synchronously is the main reason for the decline in labor income share of companies using robots.On average,the use of robots will reduce the labor income share about 4%.Further research found that the decline in the share of labor income caused by robots has significant differences among companies with different ownership,R&D investment,and human capital.

关 键 词：机器人 劳动收入份额 要素收入分配 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]