中国采矿业上市公司经营效率的实证分析:基于DEA模型和Malmquist指数模型  

An empirical analysis of the operating efficiency of listed companies in China's mining based on DEA model and Malmquist index model

作　　者：蒲小川[1] 张宇[1] 江松[1] PU Xiaochuan;ZHANG Yu;JIANG Song(School of Management,Xi an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学管理学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国矿业》2021年第2期36-42,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“‘丝绸之路经济带沿线国家矿产资源合作开发价值链与利益分配机制研究”项目资助(编号:18XGL010);国家自然科学基金“品位-价格-成本约束下金属露天矿精细化5D排产建模与协同优化研究”项目资助(编号:51774228)。

摘　　要：本文运用DEA-BCC模型和Malmquist指数模型对2015—2018年中国69家采矿业上市企业整体和细分行业的经营效率进行静态分析和动态分析。静态分析表明,中国采矿业上市企业整体经营效率较低,每年达到DEA有效的企业不足10.0%,不同业务领域的细分行业经营效率变动趋势存在差异,纯技术效率低是造成整体经营效率偏低的主要原因,另外每年64.2%以上的企业处于规模收益递增状态,表明大部分采矿业上市企业应该扩大生产规模来提高企业产出效率;动态分析表明,全要素生产率在样本期间持续保持增长状态,规模效率变化的贡献较大,细分行业中有色金属矿采选业全要素生产率在2017—2018年间下降了13.7%,主要是由于纯技术效率下降抑制了全要素生产率的增长。本文建议可以通过增强企业管理效率与调整企业规模、加大企业科研投入、提高企业纯技术效率水平以及加强企业与政府经济部门资源协调整合来提高企业经营效率。This paper uses the DEA-BCC model and the Malmquist index model to perform static and dynamic analysis of the operating efficiency of 69 listed companies in the mining industry in China as a whole and their sub-sectors from 2015 to 2018.Static analysis show that the overall operating efficiency of listed companies in the Chinese mining industry is low,with less than 10.0%of companies achieving effective DEA each year.There are differences in the changing trends in the operating efficiency of sub-sectors in different business areas.Low pure technical efficiency is the main reason for low operating efficiency.The reason is that more than 64.2%of the companies are in the state of increasing returns to scale each year,indicating that most listed mining companies should expand their production scale to improve their output efficiency;dynamic analysis show that total factor productivity has continued to grow during the sample period,and scale efficiency has changed and the contribution of this sector is relatively large.The total factor productivity of non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industries in the subdivided industries decreased by 13.7%from 2017 to 2018,mainly due to the decline in pure technology efficiency,which has restrained the growth of total factor productivity.This paper proposes that the efficiency of an enterprise can be improved by enhancing its management efficiency and adjusting its size,increasing its investment in scientific research,improving its pure technology efficiency level,and strengthening the coordination and integration of resources between the enterprise and government economic departments.

关 键 词：采矿业 上市公司 经营效率 DEA模型 Malmquist指数模型 

分 类 号：F272.5[经济管理—企业管理]