外泌体介导消化道恶性肿瘤中的免疫异常  

Exosome-mediated dysimmunity in gastrointestinal neoplasms

作　　者：李非凡 张尤历[1] 闵静宇 徐岷(指导)[1] LI Fei-Fan;ZHANG You-Li;MIN Jing-Yu;XU Min(Department of Gastroenterology,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学附属医院消化内科,镇江212000

出　　处：《中国免疫学杂志》2021年第2期245-248,253,共5页Chinese Journal of Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81672402);江苏省重点研发计划-社会发展项目(BE2018689);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20171305);江苏省医学重点人才项目(ZDRCC2016026);江苏省高层次卫生人才“六个一工程”科研项目(LGY2016054)。

摘　　要：外泌体是一种由磷脂双分子层包裹的细胞外囊泡,对免疫系统起重要调控作用。外泌体上的MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ类分子、肿瘤相关抗原等可刺激免疫系统,而其免疫抑制性蛋白可通过诱导免疫抑制性细胞群产生、减少免疫细胞数、减弱免疫细胞杀伤效应等途径抑制免疫系统。外泌体在肿瘤微环境中发挥免疫抑制作用,即外泌体可介导结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌免疫异常,探索外泌体的免疫调控机制对指导消化道肿瘤的免疫治疗具有重要意义。Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in immunoregulation.MHC-Ⅰ,MHC-Ⅱ,tumor associated antigens and other molecules in exosomes can activate immune system,while immunosuppressive proteins in exosome can suppress immune system by inducing immunosuppressive cell population,reducing number of immune cells,decreasing killing effect of immune cells and so on.Exosomes are mainly immunosuppressive in tumor microenvironment,which are responsible for dysimmunity in colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer and pancreatic cancer.It is of great significance to elucidate immunomodulatory mechanism of exosomes for immunotherapy of gastrointestinal neoplasms.

关 键 词：外泌体 免疫异常 消化道恶性肿瘤 肿瘤微环境 

分 类 号：R735[医药卫生—肿瘤]