商城话疑问语气词的时体意义和预期意义  

Tense, Aspect and Expectation in Modal Particles for Questions in Shangcheng(商城) Dialect

作　　者：高顺全[1] 杨永龙[2] GAO Shun-quan;YANG Yong-long(International Cultural Exchange School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际文化交流学院,上海200433 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言研究》2021年第1期24-31,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“处于三大官话次方言交汇地带的豫南方言语法研究”(18BYY037)。

摘　　要：商城话的四个语气词"蛮[·man]"、"呗[·pε]"、"嚗[·pɔ]"和"吂[·manŋ]"都能用于句尾构成疑问句。它们都既表示疑问语气,又兼表其它语法意义:"蛮"蕴含时体(已然)意义,"呗"不含时体意义,"蛮"问句和"呗"问句的疑问程度高,属于中性问句;"嚗"问句和"吂问句"主观性强,属于引导性问句,前者表示对命题真实性的肯定性预期,后者表示对命题真实性的否定性预期。四种疑问句在句法表现上也存在明显的差异。类似现象在其他方言中也应该存在,值得关注。The four modal particles man(蛮),bai(呗),bao(嚗),and mang(吂)in Shangcheng(商城)dialect can be used at the end of sentences to form interrogative sentences.They all indicate not only interrogative mood but also other grammatical meanings.Man(蛮)contains tense and aspectual meaning,but bai(呗)does not.Sentences with man(蛮)and bai(呗)show a higher degree of questioning,classified as neutral sentences without expectations of positive or negative answers.Sentences with bao(嚗)and mang(吂)express a higher degree of subjectivity,and are classified as sentences leading to an expected positive or negative answer.Sentence with bao(嚗)expects a positive answer while the sentence with mang(吂)expects a negative one.There are obvious differences in the syntax of the sentences with these four particles.Similar phenomena should be found in other dialects as well,which is noteworthy.

关 键 词：商城话 疑问句 语气词 时体 预期 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语]