中美检察机关对无辜者案件回应机制的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Mechanism on the Response to Wrongful Convictions by the Prosecution in China and U.S.

作　　者：祁建建[1,2] Qi Jianjian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2020年第6期66-77,共12页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“认罪认罚处理机制研究”(16BFX070)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中美两国检方皆有保护无辜者的职责。近年来美国部分州和联邦检察官先后自主启动检方防冤纠错体制改革,设立定罪公正部门对定罪后案件启动审查机制。通过分析美国检方防冤纠错体制及其影响因素,指出美国检方防冤纠错审查机制运行中发现的群无辜者案件、与辩方及其他纠错组织合作的群洗冤等模式取得成效。同期,我国检察监督体制改革深入进行,冤假错案的纠正是重要的改革内容,包括调整相关内设机构与职能配置、革新抗诉与申诉审查程序、要求律师代理等。通过比较中美检方冤案纠错体制机制发展的异同,揭示我国检察体制的优势并提出建议。Both Chinese and American prosecutors have the obligation to acquit the innocent.In recent years,some U.S.state and federal prosecutors have independently initiated reforms on the prosecutorial exoneration system and established the Conviction Integrity Units(CIUs)which launched a review mechanism for convicted cases.By analyzing the prosecutorial exoneration system and the variables of the system,the author finds that the group innocents and the group exonerations are CIUs effective mechanisms through their cooperation with the defense and other innocence organizations.Meanwhile,China s prosecutorial supervision system has undergone in-depth reform,with the correction of wrongful cases as one of the important missions,e.g.,by adjusting institutional structuring and functions,reforming the examination procedures of protest and appeal and requiring agency by lawyer.By comparing the similarities and differences between Chinese and American prosecutorial exoneration system and mechanism,the author tries to reveal the advantages of China s procuratorial system and provide suggestions for its improvement.

关 键 词：防冤纠错 定罪公正部门 检察裁量权 群无辜者 群洗冤 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]