pH对沉积物中五氯酚毒性的影响及其质量基准值推导  

Effects of pH on Sediment Toxicities of Pentachlorophenol and Derivation of Sediment Quality Criteria

作　　者：王园圆 张彦峰[1] 祝凌燕[1] WANG Yuanyuan;ZHANG Yanfeng;ZHU Lingyan(Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第2期491-500,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07301002);天津市科委项目(No.16PTSYJC00020)。

摘　　要：PCP(pentachlorophenol,五氯酚)是一种可电离有机化合物,pH会影响水体中PCP的毒性.为准确评估沉积物中PCP的生态风险,通过研究不同pH下沉积物中PCP对河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、伸展摇蚊(Chironomus riparius)等底栖生物的毒性效应,探讨沉积物中PCP生物毒性与pH的关系.基于毒性试验结果和搜集筛选文献中报道的PCP生物毒性数据,利用物种敏感度分布法推导PCP沉积物质量基准,进而对我国淡水水体沉积物中PCP风险进行评估.结果表明:①沉积物中PCP对底栖生物的毒性均随pH的升高而降低,pH为6.5~8.5时,沉积物中PCP对河蚬、泥鳅、伸展摇蚊的96 h-LC 50值分别为2.99~7.64、8.05~8.76、10.50~22.30μg g;对泥鳅的30 d-LC 10值为0.26~0.80μg g,对伸展摇蚊的21 d-EC 10值为0.28~0.54μg g.②推导获得PCP依赖于pH的沉积物质量基准函数,即CMC sed(急性基准值)=e 0.204pH-2.96、CCC sed(慢性基准值)=e 0.204pH-5.85,当pH为7.0时,CMC sed、CCC sed分别为0.217、0.012μg g.③我国主要淡水河流、湖泊沉积物中99.0%的采样点w(PCP)低于该研究推导的CCC sed,仅有1.0%的采样点w(PCP)介于CCC sed与CMC sed之间.研究显示,我国主要淡水水体沉积物中PCP总体风险较低,个别地区沉积物中PCP可能存在潜在的生态风险,需要引起重视.PCP(Pentachlorophenol)is an ionizable organic pollutant,and pH may affect the toxicity of PCP in the aquatic environment.In order to accurately evaluate the ecological risk of PCP in sediment,the effects of pH on the toxicity to three benthic organisms,Corbicula fluminea,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Chironomus riparius,were investigated,and the relationship between the pH of the sediment and the toxicity of PCP was studied.Based on the published toxicity data of PCP and the results of this study,the pH-dependent sediment quality criteria(SQC)for PCP were established using the species sensitivity distribution(SSD)method.Then,the ecological risk of PCP in the major rivers and lakes in China was assessed based on the derived SQC.The results indicated that:(1)The toxicity of PCP to benthic organisms decreased with increasing pH.Acute toxicities and chronic toxicities were measured at pH of 6.5 to 8.5.The 96 h-LC 50 values of PCP for three freshwater benthos in the sediment were 2.99-7.64,8.05-8.76,10.50-22.30μg g,respectively.The 30 d-LC 10 values for Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ranged from 0.26 to 0.80μg g and the 21 d-EC 10 values for Chironomus riparius ranged from 0.28 to 0.54μg g.(2)The SQCs of PCP were a function of pH,and they were CMC=e 0.204pH-2.96 and CCC=e 0.204pH-5.85.At pH 7.0,the CMC sed and CCC sed were 0.217μg g and 0.012μg g,respectively.(3)Only 1.0%of the sampling points had the w(PCP)between the CMC sed and CCC sed values,and the w(PCP)in the other sampling points in the major rivers and lakes of China were lower than the CCC sed.In conclusion,the overall ecological risk of the PCP in freshwater sediments in China is relatively low,while a few sites could have potential hazard.

关 键 词：五氯酚(PCP) PH 沉积物质量基准 底栖生物 毒性效应 风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]