从防治到养老:最后的麻风疗养院记忆--以武康疗养院调研与病患访谈为中心  

From relief to life,the last memory of leprosy sanatorium:investigation and patient interview in Wukang sanatorium

作　　者：朱相龙 刘慧珍 周东华[1] ZHU Xianglong;LIU Huizhen;ZHOU Donghua(Department of History,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311251,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院历史学系,311251

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2020年第6期360-368,共9页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(15BZS098);2020年国家级大学生创新创业计划立项项目(202010346061)。

摘　　要：浙江武康疗养院由始建于1887年的杭州广济麻风医院演变而来,是中华人民共和国成立后浙江省麻风病防治中心。现居疗养院的麻风病患(休养员)大多于20世纪60年代陆续进院。由于氨苯砜单疗法的局限和生活条件艰苦,休养员需要长期接受隔离治疗,从事集体生产。改革开放后,疗养院的医疗和生活水准得到显著改善,社会治疗取代隔离治疗,休养员逐渐融入社会;联合化疗的推广缩短了疗程,也大大降低了麻风畸残率;政府持续加大对麻风病人的财政补助,他们的生活来源基本得到保障;广泛普及的麻风防治知识也使麻风病人逐渐摆脱了被"污名化"的困境。在"后麻风时代",武康疗养院由注重疾病治疗转向加强病人的心理建设,其职能从隔离防疫转向休憩养老,麻风病人的身份也从"病人"转变为"休养员"。这一系列的变迁反映了麻风防疫事业由防治向养老转变过程中的人文关怀与"去污名化"的价值引导。Zhejiang Wukang sanatorium evolved from Hangchow C.M.S.Hospital,which was founded in 1887.It is the leprosy prevention and treatment center of Zhejiang Province after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Most of the leprosy patients(convalescents)in sanatoriums entered the hospital successively in 1960s.Due to the limitation of dapsone monotherapy and the poor living conditions,the convalescents need to receive long-term isolation treatment and engage in collective production.After the implementation of Reform and Opening-up policy,the leprosy patients’health care has been greatly improved.The leprosy prevention and treatment course has been gradually reduced;the widespread knowledge of leprosy gradually freed leprosy patients from the dilemma of being stigmatized.In the post-leprosy era,Wukang sanatorium changed from the original focus on disease treatment to strengthening the psychological construction of patients.Its function changed from isolation and prevention to rest and pension,and the status of leprosy patients changed from"patients"to"convalescents".These changes reflect the humanistic care and guidance of destigmatization in the process of leprosy isolation and epidemic prevention from prevention to treatment to the aged.

关 键 词：麻风病 麻风休养员 武康疗养院 口述历史 

分 类 号：R75[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]