急性高温胁迫对虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile rainbow and steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to acute high-temperature stress

作　　者：姜旭阳 黄铭 杨小刚 周演根[1] 高勤峰[1,2] 董双林 JIANG Xuyang;HUANG Ming;YANG Xiaogang;ZHOU Yangen;GAO Qinfeng;DONG Shuanglin(Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266235,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266235

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第1期57-65,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572634,31702364,31872575);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018CXGC0101,SD2019YY006).

摘　　要：虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)与硬头鳟(O.mykiss)为同一种的不同生态型,都属冷水性鱼类。为探讨急性高温胁迫对虹鳟和硬头鳟抗氧化酶活性的影响,选取虹鳟[体重(22.76±2.89)g]和硬头鳟[体重(23.2±1.22)g]幼鱼,分别在不同温度梯度(16℃、20℃、22℃和24℃;16℃、19℃、21℃和23℃)进行热应激实验,在达到设定温度后的0 h、1 h、6 h、12 h和24 h分别取样,测定受试鱼心脏、肝、鳃、肾、脑和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPx)活性。结果表明,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼具有极为相似的抗氧化酶分布模式。两类幼鱼肝脏、鳃和肌肉SOD含量较高;肝脏、肾脏和鳃CAT含量较高;在心脏、肝脏、肾脏和鳃GPx分布较多。总体而言,两类鱼肝脏中抗氧化酶分布最多。急性高温应激对两类鱼的抗氧化防御系统均可产生影响,引起3种抗氧化酶活性的变化。虹鳟和硬头鳟在24℃和23℃组应激强烈,两类鱼在应激24 h时SOD活性均大幅降低。虹鳟20℃组24 h内SOD活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),硬头鳟19℃组12 h内SOD与CAT活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在高温胁迫恢复实验中,虹鳟22℃组经过24 h,SOD和GPx明显下降,CAT也逐渐恢复,而硬头鳟21℃组24 h SOD仍处于较高水平,这表明此温度下虹鳟幼鱼抗高温胁迫能力强于硬头鳟。结果表明,硬头鳟幼鱼抗氧化酶活性对温度升高的反应比虹鳟幼鱼敏感。The current domestic production of salmonids in China is insufficient to satisfy demand. Since the 1970 s, Chinese researchers have been trying to build salmon farms in open sea areas, such as Dalian, Yantai, and Qingdao, to solve this issue but have failed because of the high temperatures during summer. In recent years, Chinese researchers found an extremely large cold-water mass in the central depression of the Yellow Sea, where conditions are suitable for the large-scale farming of salmonids. However, in the summer, the temperature span of the upper layer of the Yellow Sea is 25–28 ℃;high temperature stress is therefore a large problem encountered during summer culture. Thus, exploring the upper temperature threshold of fish is essential. The elucidation of mechanisms for the regulation of acute high temperature in salmonids is of great significance for conducting offshore mariculture of salmon in the identified cold-water mass. Juvenile rainbow(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and steelhead trout(O. mykiss)(initial body weight, 22.76 g ± 2.89 g and 23.20 g ± 1.22 g, respectively) were used for this experiment. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in the heart, liver, gill, kidney, brain, and muscle were determined under normal conditions. Subsequently, rainbow trout and steelhead trout underwent heat stress with the following temperature gradients: 16 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃, and 24 ℃ f or rainbow trout and 16 ℃, 19 ℃, 21 ℃, and 23 ℃ f or steelhead trout. The liver antioxidant enzyme activities of rainbow and steelhead trout were determined at 0 h, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after heat stress. Our results showed that the distribution patterns of antioxidant enzymes in rainbow trout were similar to those of steelhead trout. In both strains, SOD was abundantly distributed in the liver, gill, and muscle, whereas CAT enriched in the liver, kidney, and gill, and the GPx was mainly distributed in the heart, liver, kidney, and gill. Overall, the highest concentrat

关 键 词：虹鳟 硬头鳟 高温胁迫 热应激 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]