丹寨汞(金)矿区11种本地植物的重金属富集特征  

Accumulation of heavy metal in 11 native plants growing in mercury(gold)-mining area of Danzhai County

作　　者：苟体忠 宋伟[2] 严红光 GOU Tizhong;SONG Wei;YAN Hongguang(School of Life and Health Science,Kaili University,Kaili 556011,China;Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities,Duyun 558003,China)

机构地区：[1]凯里学院大健康学院,凯里556011 [2]黔南民族医学高等专科学校,都匀558003

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2021年第1期72-76,共5页Journal of Biology

基　　金：凯里学院永久型人才和高层次人才专项(No.YJX201801和No.GCC201801);贵州省教育厅重点实验室(黔教合KY字[2017]011号);贵州省教育厅人才团队项目(黔教合人才团队[2015]70)。

摘　　要：为筛选生长在污染区对重金属有富集潜力的植物,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪测定丹寨汞(金)矿区11种本土植物及其土壤中的As、Hg、Se、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量,并采用单项污染指数法(PI)、生物富集系数(BCF)和生物转移系数(BTF)评价土壤重金属污染程度、植物对重金属的富集能力和转运能力。PI的结果表明,土壤中As、Hg和Se重度污染,Zn和Pb轻度污染,其他重金属无污染。根据BCF和BTF的分析结果,可将11种本地植物分为3类:蜈蚣草为As超富集植物,龙葵为Cd富集型植物,钻叶紫菀为Cu、Zn富集型植物;钻叶紫菀是Se根部囤积型植物,金丝草是As和Cr根部囤积型植物;苍耳、假酸浆、鬼针草、芒、商陆、藜和苎麻为规避型植物。In order to screen plants growing on a contaminated site to determine their potential for heavy metal accumulation,the concentrations of As,Hg,Se,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in the rhizophere soils,roots and shoots of 11 native plants growing in Danzhai mercury(gold)-mining area were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer.Furthermore,the heavy metal contamination of soil was evaluated by single pollution index(PI),bioaccumulation and translocation of the heavy metal in plants were evaluated by the means of bioaccumulation factor(BCF)and biological translocation factor(BTF).The results of PI showed that the soils were severely polluted by As,Hg and Se,and were slightly polluted by Zn and Pb,but were not contaminated by other heavy metal.Based on BCF and BTF values,11 native plants were classified into 3 types:Pteris vittata was hyperaccumulating plant of As,moreover,Solanum nigrum was accumulating plant of Cd,Aster subulatus was accumulating plant of Cu and Zn;A.subulatus was root compartment plant of Se,Pogonatherum crinitum was root compartment plant of As and Cr;Xanthium sibiricum,Nicandra physalodes,Bidens pilosa,Miscanthus sinensis,Phytolacca acinosa,Chenopodium album and Boehmeria nivea were excluder plants.

关 键 词：丹寨 汞(金)矿区 本地植物 重金属 生物富集系数 生物转运系数 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]