基于CCD传感器的超精密车床光学精确对刀及其应用  

Optical precise tool setting of ultra precision lathe based on CCD sensor and its application

作　　者：宋颖慧 刘有海[1] 张敏[1] 戴晓静[1] 阳红[1] 陈东生[1] SONG Yinghui;LIU Youhai;ZHANG Min;DAI Xiaojing;YANG Hong;CHEN Dongsheng(Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology,CAEP,Mianyang 621900,CHN)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2021年第2期134-139,共6页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1305400);国家“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项(2017ZX04022001);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51705486)。

摘　　要：对刀精度是影响加工工件面形精度的主要因素之一,为了实现平面或球面零件在超精密车削过程中的高精度对刀,设计了一种基于CCD传感器的光学对刀装置。通过LVDT对刀装置粗定位、光学对刀装置精定位的粗精结合的方法,快速准确地测得刀具的中心高、刀尖圆弧半径以及刀具定心坐标,重复对刀精度达到1μm,实现精确对刀。对刀装置应用于自研三轴金刚车SGDT350机床,实现了直径75 mm、顶部球径为250 mm的凸球面铝件超精密加工,其面形精度PV达到0.24μm。进一步证明了该对刀装置的精度以及该方法的有效性,同时大幅提高了对刀效率。The tool setting accuracy is one of the main factors that affect the surface shape accuracy of the workpiece.In order to achieve the high-precision tool setting plane or spherical parts in the ultra-precision turning process,an optical tool setting system based on CCD sensor is designed.Through the combination of LVDT tool setting device coarse positioning and optical tool setting device fine positioning,the center height of the tool and the arc half of the tool tip can be quickly and accurately measured.Accurate tool setting is completed,and repeated tool setting accuracy reaches 1μm.The tool setting device is applied to SGDT350 machine tool,which is a self-developed three-axis diamond lathe.The super precision machining of convex spherical aluminum parts with a diameter of 75 mm and a top ball diameter of 250 mm is realized.The surface precision PV of the device is 0.24μm.the accuracy of the tool setting device and the effectiveness of the method are further proved,and the efficiency of tool setting is greatly improved.

关 键 词：超精密车削 CCD传感器 光学精确对刀 面形精度 

分 类 号：TH691.9[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]