“大国认同”因素对俄罗斯外交决策的影响分析——以俄罗斯叙利亚行动为例  

Analysis of Great Power Identity and Its Impact on Russia's Foreign Policy Decision-making:A Case Study of Russia's Military Campaign in Syria

作　　者： Li Tailong(I.A.Zaitsev)(不详)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学国际关系学院/心理文化学研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2021年第1期61-83,共23页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目(项目编号:605-50Y19001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏联解体后,俄罗斯一方面坚持自视为大国,另一方面因实力之衰退而出现观念落差,故俄罗斯产生认同危机,对自身地位变得格外敏感并致力于恢复大国认同。每当西方采取不利于俄罗斯的行动,俄都将此看成对自己的侮辱,随之认同危机加深。进而,俄罗斯竭力采取各种措施来向外界证明它是大国,往往实施了成本极大、收益不明显的对外政策。现有主流解释认为,导致俄罗斯叙利亚行动的关键因素是安全考虑。然而,单独这个因素不能解释为什么俄罗斯直至2015年秋才动手,以及为什么从所有可能选项中俄选择了成本最高的武装行动。实际上,除了安全考虑,俄罗斯叙利亚行动更深层的动机在于,俄力求以实际行动证明其大国地位。This paper attempts to study the impact of great power identity on Russia's foreign policy decision-making.In order to properly analyze this impact,the author proposes a theory of great power identity based on the constructivist theory of IR.The theory goes as follows:after the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Russia continued to perceive itself as a great power,but the subsequent decline in power capabilities created a gap between its self-identity and reality.This gap thus led to a major identity crisis,making Russia extremely sensitive to its status and willing to restore its great power identity.Whenever the West takes actions that disregard Russia's interests,Russia sees it as humiliation,which in turn deepens its identity crisis.In attempt to prove to the outside world that it indeed is a great power,Russia then takes radical foreign policy actions with high costs and unobvious benefits.The author attempts to prove that Russia's 2015 Syria campaign fits this theoretical framework.Current explanations of Russia's Syria campaign focus on security considerations,but they alone cannot explain why from all possible options Russia chose military intervention.They also cannot explain why Russia wait until 2015 to start the operation.The author claims that apart from security conserns,the deeper motivation for the Syria campaign was Russia's desire to prove its status as a great power.In author's opinion it was this factor that played a major role in Russia's decision to intervene.

关 键 词：俄罗斯外交政策 叙利亚危机 大国认同 建构主义理论 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—外交学] D87.512.0