我国地下矿山凿岩装备应用现状与凿岩智能化发展方向  

Present Application Status of Rock Drilling Equipment in Underground Mine and the Development Direction for Intelligent Rock Drilling in China

作　　者：吴昊骏 纪洪广[1] 龚敏[1] 刘翔宇 WU Haojun;JI Hongguang;GONG Min;LIU Xiangyu(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《金属矿山》2021年第1期185-201,212,共18页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51678048);重庆市科技开发计划重点项目(编号:cstc2014yykfB30002)。

摘　　要：数字化、智能化是凿岩台车等大型设备未来的发展趋势。为明晰国产凿岩台车的研究方向,结合我国地下矿山钻爆施工中凿岩台车的应用现状,定量对比评价了现场使用凿岩台车在钻孔精确度、钻孔效率、人员安全性、环保指标等方面的技术优势及问题。结果表明:使用凿岩台车钻孔,一般单孔凿岩时间为2~3 min,凿岩效率为同等条件下使用气动凿岩机钻孔的2~4倍;配合合理的爆破手段,月进尺能提高50%~70%;现场使用凿岩台车时,面临机械性能和钻爆工艺不匹配、较气动凿岩机开挖超挖量大以及人员培训落后于实际需要等问题。在此基础上,总结了现阶段凿岩台车智能化发展进展。研究表明:通过补偿技术,国内一些钻孔定位平均定位精度在5 cm以下,可满足施工要求;借助视觉辅助定位与导航方法、5G技术及物联网等先进技术,能够实现少人化、无人化的作业目标。最后进一步分析了研发、推广国产凿岩台车面临的不足与挑战,总结并展望了国产凿岩台车的发展路线。For development of large equipment,such as drill jumbos,digitalization and intelligence are the trends in future.In order to clarify the research direction of the self-developed drill jumbo,combined with the current status of the drill jumbos applied in China’ s underground mine,where the drilling and blasting method is used,the technical advantages and problems of drilling accuracy,drilling efficiency,safety of personnel and environmental protection indexes of the drilling platform used on site are quantitatively evaluated.Investigations results show that using drill jumbo,the drilling time for a single hole is 2~3 minutes,which drilling efficiency is 2~4 times of the one by pneumatic rock drill under the same conditions;with reasonable blasting methods,it can increase the advance per month by 50%~70%.When using the drill jumbos on-site,some problems are often existed,such as the mechanical performance do not match the drilling and blasting process,the actual over-excavation is often larger than that of pneumatic drilling,and the personnel training is fall behind its real needs.Besides that,the intelligent development progress of drill jumbos at this stage is summarized.The Research shows that through compensation,the average positioning accuracy of some cases is below 5 cm,which can meet the requirements of construction;with the help of advanced technologies such as visual aided positioning and navigation methods,5 G technology and the internet of things technology,it can achieve the goal of fewer people and unmanned operations.At last,the insufficient and challenges about develop and promote the self-developed drill jumbos in future is analyzed,and the development route of self-developed drill jumbo is summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：地下矿山 矿山建设 凿岩台车 凿岩机器人 巷道掘进 钻爆法 

分 类 号：TD421[矿业工程—矿山机电]