换个角度看文化:中国西南少数民族防灾减灾文化刍论  

Understanding Culture from a Different Perspective:A Discussion on the Culture of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China

作　　者：周琼[1] ZHOU Qiong

机构地区：[1]云南大学

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2021年第1期118-129,188,共13页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国西南少数民族灾害文化数据库建设”(项目号:17ZDA158)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民族灾害文化是少数民族与自然灾害相伴求生过程中积累传承下来的文化遗产,发挥了防灾减灾避灾的作用。西南少数民族的灾害文化有宗教信仰、禁忌习俗、敬畏自然的思想及驱逐疫人等精神层面及建筑、饮食、医药、乡规民约及村寨防护等物质生活行动层面两类内容。它具有文化的历时性、包容性、调适性特点,也具有民族文化的传承性、累积性、固守性及地域性、多样性、共享性特点。按亲缘、地缘、族际、国际等口耳相传或文字记载的方式传承,分讯息预警传递、物资互享、自我救助、逃生避灾技能、灾后联合共建及备灾仓储建设六个类型。同时,在一定程度上它还存在个体与群体层面的弊端,在现代化进程中面临提升优化转型的任务。Ethnic disaster culture is the cultural heritage accumulated and passed down in the process of interaction between ethnic minorities and natural disasters.It plays a role in disaster prevention,mitigation and avoidance.The disaster culture of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China includes spiritual contents such as religious beliefs,taboos and customs,reverence for nature,expulsion of infected persons,and life activities such as architecture,food,medicine,township regulations,and village protection.It has the characteristics of diachronic,inclusiveness and adaptability of culture,as well as the characteristics of inheritance,accumulation,adherence,regionalism,diversity and sharing of national culture.Disaster culture of ethnic minorities is passed on by word of mouth or written records according to kinship,geography,ethnicity,and international relations.It is mainly categorized into six types:early warning information,material sharing,self-help,disaster avoidance and survival skills,post-disaster joint construction and disaster preparation storage construction.It has drawbacks at the individual level and group level and needs to be upgraded,optimized,and transformed in the process of modernization.

关 键 词：灾害文化 西南 少数民族 防灾减灾 避灾 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学] X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]