碳氮比对鸡粪堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放的影响  

Effects of C/N ratio on maturity and odor emissions during chicken manure composting

作　　者：马若男 李丹阳 亓传仁 李国学 王国英 刘燕 孙少泽 袁京 Ma Ruonan;Li Danyang;Qi Chuanren;Li Guoxue;Wang Guoying;Liu Yan;Sun Shaoze;Yuan Jing(College of Resource and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第24期194-202,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2017002);海南省农业环境污染治理项目(NWZL2017001)。

摘　　要：为确定鸡粪堆肥最优碳氮比(C/N比),该研究以新鲜鸡粪为堆肥原料,添加玉米秸秆调节初始C/N比为14、18和22进行好氧堆肥,研究不同C/N比对鸡粪堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放(NH3和H2S)的影响。结果表明:C/N比为14的处理堆肥产品未腐熟,C/N比为18和22的处理均达到腐熟。C/N比为18的处理NH3累积排放量和总氮(TN)损失率最高;C/N比为18~22时,C/N比越高,NH3累积排放量和TN损失率越低。C/N比为14的处理H2S累积排放量和总硫(TS)损失率最高;C/N比为18和22的2个处理,H2S累积排放量显著降低,且无显著差异。此外,C/N比为18处理的微生物群落多样性在整个堆肥过程中显著高于C/N比为14和22处理。堆肥的理化指标、臭气排放与微生物群落之间的相关性分析表明,高温、高pH值和缺氧环境会增加Firmicutes丰度,进而促进NH_3和H_2S的排放,相反地,低温、低pH和氧气充足的环境更有利于Actinobacteria增殖,有利于减少NH3和H2S的排放。综合考虑堆肥产品腐熟度和臭气减排效果,建议低C/N比鸡粪堆肥的初始C/N比为18~22。当秸秆资源不足时,建议初始C/N比为18;秸秆资源充足时,建议初始C/N比为22。A dramatic increase in the amount of chicken manure is posing a great challenge on the social community,ecological environment,and human health,as the growing demand of chicken meat and eggs in China.Fortunately,composting process is an effective,sustainable,economic and natural way to recycle the decomposed organic materials,with an emphasis on the manure treatment prior to land application.Nevertheless,there are usually lots of odor emissions during the composting of nitrogen-rich chicken manure.The C/N ratio of raw materials markedly determines the compost maturity and the odor emissions during composting.At present,lots of previous studies focused on the effect of C/N ratio on the compost maturity and quality.However,only a few reports paid attention to the odor(NH3 or H2S)emissions during chicken manure composting.In this study,three C/N ratios,including 14,18 and 22,were selected from the co-composted chicken manure and cornstalks as the bulking agent,to improve the compost quality,while decrease the odor emissions.An attempt was made to explore the comprehensive effect of C/N ratio on maturity and odor emissions(NH3 and H2S)during chicken manure composting.The aeration was in an intermittent mode(Sated 30 min,stopped 30 min),and the rate was 0.2 m3/h.The composting lasted 35 days,where the sampled on the day of 0,3,7,14,21,28,35,respectively.The basic physicochemical and maturity indexes were measured,including temperature(T),oxygen(O2),inorganic nitrogen content(NH4+-N,NO3--N),pH value(pH),Electrical Conductivity(EC),C/N ratio,Germination Index(GI),and the element content(C,N and S).Odor emissions(NH3 and H2S)were continuously monitored daily.A canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)was also used to analyze the microbial community composition,as well as their correlation with physicochemical indexes and odor emissions.The results showed that the final compost with the C/N ratio of 14 was not mature,while both the treatment with the C/N ratios of 18 and 22 reached the maturity standard.In terms of odor emis

关 键 词：粪 堆肥 挥发性物质 C/N比 腐熟度 臭气排放 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]