物体颜色对情景记忆的影响  

Neural mechanism underlying the effects of object color on episodic memory

作　　者：周文洁 邓丽群 丁锦红 ZHOU Wenjie;DENG Liqun;DING Jinhong(Department of Psychology,Learning and Cognitive Key Laboratory,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Department of Psychology,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学院,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100048 [2]新乡医学院心理学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《心理学报》2021年第3期229-243,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61572076)、北京自然科学基金(4202011)、首都师范大学交叉学院引导研发基金(jckxyj2019018)资助。

摘　　要：本研究采用ERP技术和学习−再认范式考察视觉输入的颜色和记忆中的物体颜色知识一致性对情景记忆编码和提取的影响。结果显示,在对物体图片进行编码时颜色不一致图片诱发更大N400,而提取阶段则对颜色一致图片有更多熟悉性加工(实验1);物体名称能够更快激活典型颜色知识,对颜色一致名称有更多细节回想(LPC更正)(实验2)。实验结果表明,颜色一致促进知觉水平的记忆编码,而阻碍语义水平编码。同时,颜色一致促进物体图片提取(知觉水平)中的熟悉性和回想过程;而对物体名称提取(概念水平)的促进作用仅表现在回想上。此外,颜色与物体名称有着密切联系,同样影响物体的语义表征,支持激活−扩散模型理论。本研究从知觉和概念水平上为揭示物体颜色在联结记忆中的作用提供了证据。Color diagnosticity is the degree to which a color is associated with or symbolizes a particular object.Typical color is often associated with high color diagnostic objects and activates the visual(perceptual)or semantic(conceptual)knowledge in long-term memory.However,the relationship between different processing levels(perceptual and conceptual)of object color information and episodic memory retrieval components(familiarity and recollection)remains poorly understood.It is hypothesized that color information can facilitate memory encoding at the perceptual level but inhibit it at the conceptual level.In recognition retrieval,color has a greater impact on familiarity and recollection at the perceptual level,while at the conceptual level,recollection is more affected than familiarity.In the present study,event-related potential(ERP)and a study-test paradigm were used to investigate the effects of color consistency(visual color input and object color knowledge)on episodic memory encoding and retrieval by using pictures and names of objects with high color diagnosticity.Twenty-seven college students participated in experiment 1.During the study phase,a picture of an object in its diagnostic color(such as a red apple)or non-diagnostic color(purple banana)was presented on a white background for 500ms.The participants were asked to determine whether the color of the object in each picture was consistent with its actual(diagnostic)color.During the test phase,participants provided old/new judgments about the objects that had appeared in the study phase and the equal number of new items.Twenty-five college students participated in the experiment.A similar procedure was used for experiment two,except that items were the names of the objects in their diagnostic or non-diagnostic color rather than pictures.During both experiments,the participants responded by pressing a mouse button.Their reaction time and EEG(electroencephalography)were recorded.The results of experiment 1 showed that,during the encoding phase,color-inconsi

关 键 词：颜色诊断性 情景记忆 ERPS 熟悉性 回想 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]