如何让儿童更好地学编程?——佩珀特《儿童机器:重新思考计算机时代的学校》一书综述  

How to Make Children Learn Programming Better?——Review of Papert‟s Book The Children’s Machine:Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer

作　　者：纪九梅 汪琼[1] JI Jiu-mei;WANG Qiong(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing,China 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《现代教育技术》2021年第2期118-125,共8页Modern Educational Technology

基　　金：教育部-中国移动科研基金2018年度项目‚中小学编程教育与人工智能工程素养研究‛(项目编号:MCM20180611)资助。

摘　　要：佩珀特在《儿童机器:重新思考计算机时代的学校》一书中提到“学习能力”是面向未来最重要的能力,学习编程则是能够有效提升学习能力的途径。让儿童学编程的本质是锻炼儿童的学习能力,而为了让儿童更好地学编程,佩珀特认为应开发适合儿童的“自然”编程语言,并借助儿童喜爱的“对象”将编程延伸至电脑屏幕之外,还需秉持“助学法”、“建造主义”等教育哲学理念以从学习理论层面指导儿童编程教育。佩珀特指出,当关于学习的理念发生改变,形成基于计算机的学习文化时,“儿童学编程”将成为一件再自然不过的事,而这离不开学校、教师、教育研究者与家长的共同努力。In the book named The Children’s Machine:Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer,Papert mentioned that“learning ability”was the most important ability in the future,and learning programming was a way to effectively improve learning ability.The essence of letting children learn programming was to exercise children‟s learning ability.In order to make children learn programming better,Papert held that a natural programming language suitable for children should be developed,and programming should be extended beyond the computer screen using children‟s favorite“objects”.In addition,it was also necessary to uphold the educational philosophies of“Mathetic”and“Constructionism”to guide children‟s programming education from the level of learning theory.Papert pointed out that when the concept of learning changed and the computer-based learning culture was formed,children‟s learning programming will become a natural thing,and this was inseparable from the joint effort of schools,teachers,educational researchers and parents.

关 键 词：儿童编程 编程语言 “助学法” “建造主义” “微世界” 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]