精神分析视域下的身心观  

The View of Mind-Body Relation From the Perspective of Psychoanalysis

作　　者：张磊 王礼军 郭本禹 Zhang Lei;Wang Lijun;Guo Benyu(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097;School of Educational Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,241000;Institute of Moral Education Research,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,芜湖241000 [3]南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第6期1522-1528,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKY2018D29)的资助。

摘　　要：身心关系问题是人类长期探究的重要议题。精神分析学家对身心关系具有诸多独特见解,具体表现为:身体是心理的基础,身体是心理的象征,身体与心理的交织。此三种观点不仅反映出不同精神分析学家在方法论、认识论以及本体论上的差异,也蕴含着精神分析不同流派的理论脉络。厘清精神分析视域下的身心观,既有助于自然科学心理学与人文科学心理学在精神分析中寻求一种主客交织的研究视角,也可为心理学和其他学科领域研究身心关系问题提供新的切入点。The mind-body problem is a topic of great significance which has long been explored by human beings. The enduring interest of this topic sprouts from a concern for the life origin, as well as from the thinking of the duality of consciousness and matter. Experts in varied disciplines present different points of view on this topic. It is worth mentioning that both the mind and the body are the subjects of psychoanalysis. Thus, psychoanalysis is a good perspective to study the mind-body problem. Actually, psychoanalysts have many unique insights about the mind-body relation, among which there are three main viewpoints for specific performance: body as the base of mind, body as the symbol of mind and body interwoven with mind. According to Freud, body was the base of mind, because body played a critical role in psychoanalytic concept construction and mental development. However, the ego psychologists and the Kleinian regarded body as the symbol of mind. The ego psychoanalysts thought that mind was influenced by the body symptom, while the Kleinian thought that body influenced mind with the symbol of its function. In addition, Wilfred Bion and Donald Winnicott put it forward that body and mind were intertwined and considered body and mind as two sides of a coin. They stressed the emotion based on the body, returning to Freud in a different way.The three viewpoints not only reflect the different psychoanalysts’ differentiation on the methodology, the epistemology and the ontology, but also contain the collision of the natural science and the humanities in psychoanalysis. On the methodology, Freud, Hartmann and Klein all accepted the reductionism, all of whom wanted to find an ultimate cause for the relation of mind and body. Bion thought that the development of the mindbody was obscure, it did not follow the law of cause and effect. Therefore, it could not be simply reduced. On the epistemology, Freud was a monist while Hartmann and Klein seemed more likely to agree with dualism. On the ontology, Freud, Hartmann and

关 键 词：精神分析 身体 心理基础 心理象征 身心交织 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]