轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析  

Analysis of Lower Extremity Injury of Six⁃year⁃old Child Pedestrian in Different Orientation Collisions with Car

作　　者：李海岩[1] 李琨[1] 黄永强 贺丽娟[1] 崔世海[1] 吕文乐[1] 阮世捷[1] Li Haiyan;Li Kun;Huang Yongqiang;He Lijuan;Cui Shihai;Lü Wenle;Ruan Shijie(International Research Association on Emerging Automotive Safety Technology,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学,现代汽车安全技术国际联合研究中心,天津300222

出　　处：《汽车工程》2021年第2期262-268,共7页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81371360,81471274,81201015);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0807203)资助。

摘　　要：Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护。本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理。结果表明,在4种不同角度的碰撞条件下,仅270°背面碰撞时儿童股骨未发生骨折;0°碰撞时儿童下肢膝关节韧带损伤最为严重;180°左侧碰撞下,对撞侧膝关节半月板最容易发生损伤,而撞击侧股骨远端生长板存在较大的受伤风险;270°背面碰撞中儿童的胫骨和腓骨最容易发生损伤。本研究为儿童行人保护和儿童下肢损伤的治疗提供了理论依据,为汽车安全防护装置的研发提供数据支持。The new version of technical bulletin TB024 promulgated by Euro NCAP made a separate request on the authentication of 6-year-old child pedestrian model,aiming to reinforce the protection of child pedestrian.In this study,based on the finite element model of 6-year-old pedestrian with detailed anatomical structure as specified in Euro NCAP TB024,4 different collision orientations are set to conduct pedestrian-vehicle crash simulation test for exploring the injury mechanism of child’s lower extremity in different collision orientations.The results show that among 4 collision orientations,only 270°collision(back impact) does not cause femur fracture;the most severe knee ligament injury happens in 0° collision(right-side impact);In 180° collision(left-side impact),the meniscus in right-side knee is most prone to injury and the left distal femoral growth plate has a higher risk of injury;Tibia and fibula are most prone to injury in 270° collision.This study provides a theoretical basis for child pedestrian protection and the cure of child extremity injury and the data supports for the development of vehicle safety protection devices.

关 键 词：有限元模型 儿童行人 下肢损伤 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]