论欲望解放及其道德困境——基于西方德欲关系变迁的分析  

Between Desire and Morality:Imbalance and Reconstruction of Moral Ecology

作　　者：陶立霞[1] TAO Lixia(不详)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论与现代化》2021年第1期49-57,共9页Theory and Modernization

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金项目“现代性视角下中国公民道德建设研究”,项目编号:17BKS120。

摘　　要：从传统向现代的变迁中,人的欲望在西方社会挣脱了传统秩序的禁锢获得解放。追求欲望对人来说最切己,当它被宣示为人的天然合理本性,最大限度地实现欲望满足,获得最大程度的幸福、利益与快乐时,便成为真实的道德要求,道德相应从神圣道德走向世俗道德。跟随欲望的召唤,并没有让人就此踏上一条幸福而又尊严的道路。欲望有驱动人合作共赢、互利互惠的力量,也有让人走向腐化堕落、对立冲突的潜能,无法为道德提供充分依据。行为受到欲望的驱动,这是生命无法回避的自然规定。无论为了道德而清除欲望,还是为了欲望而驱逐道德,或将二者的统一推向彼岸世界,都是不可取的。在此岸世界中,直面人的欲望,而又不放弃道德,既有赖于人精神状态的内在提升,也有赖于公正的外在制度保障。In the transition from the traditional to the modern,desire breaks the imprisonment of traditional order and is liberated.The pursuit of desire is the most self-conscious characteristic for human beings.When it is declared to be the natural and reasonable nature of human beings,it is the truest moral requirement to pursue the satisfaction of individual desires to the maximum extent and obtain the greatest interests and happiness.Morality accordingly moves from sacred morality to secular morality.However,following the call of desire,human beings have not embarked on a path of happiness and dignity.Desire is an existence with dual characteristics,which cannot provide sufficient basis for morality.It has the power to drive people to achieve win-win cooperation and mutual benefit,and it also has the potential to lead people to corruption and confrontation.Behavior is always driven by desire,which is a natural rule that living organisms cannot avoid.It is not advisable to eliminate desire for the sake of morality,or to expel morality for the sake of desire,or to push the unification of them to the other world.In this world,the realization of the balance between desire and morality depends not only on the improvement of people's inner mental state,but also on the external safeguard of a just system.

关 键 词：欲望 道德 神圣道德 世俗道德 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]