一种新实在论——怀特海的“经验形而上学”  

A Neorealism:Whitehead’s Metaphysics of Experience

作　　者：张秀华[1] 徐文俊 Zhang Xiuhua;Xu Wenjun(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学马克思主义学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA11);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(中国政法大学)、北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心中国政法大学基地研究项目。

摘　　要：在怀特海过程-关系哲学或有机哲学中,相较于不断被强调的过程与关系,“经验”在其中似乎处于次一级地位。同样,“形而上学”一词对于怀特海力图寻求流变与包容的思辨哲学来说未必是一个合适的概念。然而,把此二者结合的目的在于阐明,与过程和关系比照,“经验”特别是经验主体——经验事态应在另一个角度上被认为是怀特海哲学的逻辑起点。通过确定经验如同过程亦为实在的新实在论——经验-过程实在论,怀特海让过程之流动处于经验的可界别范围内,从而让基于个体的认识论首先建立在普遍经验的共在性之上,使普遍与特殊间的关系得以被内在合理地抽象和分析,由此真正建构其融贯的、合乎逻辑的形而上学体系,即一切实在与认识都应基于和符合共同的流变经验,并从现实性的经验事态主体之“内”生成——合生。进而,在经验形而上学范式下,借助纯粹感受批判超越了近代认识论以实体实在论为基础的解释路径,将经验与认识、身与心内在地统一起来。Whitehead’s philosophy is usually called process-relationship philosophy or organic philosophy,and“experience”seems to be a secondary concern compared to the precious two.Likewise,metaphysics may not be an appropriate concept to Whitehead as he advocates a speculative philosophy based on changes.The purpose of this article is to explain why“experience”should be considered as the logical starting point from another perspective.By identifying experience with only reality as a neorealism,Whitehead put process into the recognizable and experiential set so that epistemology can be founded on the togetherness of universal experience.In this way,we are able to abstract the relationship between universality and particularity legitimately and construct a coherent and speculative metaphysics,that is,all realities and cognition should firstly correspond with changeable experience.

关 键 词：怀特海 经验 过程 实在论 经验形而上学 

分 类 号：B561.52[哲学宗教—外国哲学]