行动、叙事与认同:从阿伦特到利科  

Action,Narrative and Identity:From Hannah Arendt to Paul Ricoeur

作　　者：陈高华[1] CHEN Gaohua

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文学部哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2021年第1期126-137,198,共13页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托专项“新时代中国特色哲学基本理论问题研究”(项目编号:18VXK001)。

摘　　要：认同是人生在世的基本处境,涉及人生活的方方面面,但就其本质而言,它关涉到自我,是对“我是谁”的追问,因而是一个古老且持久的哲学问题。与此同时,人作为一种存在于世界之中的历史性的存在者,对“我是谁”加以追问的认同,内在地有一个共同体的公共维度。因此,认同问题呈现的是个人与共同体的相互构成。通常,关于认同的论述,无论是基于笛卡尔精神实体的非还原论,还是基于洛克记忆经验的还原论,都忽视了认同的公共维度,而陷入了某种程度上的本质主义。阿伦特通过私人领域与公共领域的划分,强调认同在本质上是一个“谁”而非“什么”的问题,认为人在公共领域的行动彰显了一个人的“谁”,这种对于一个“谁”的彰显通过叙事得以持存。认同正是在这种行动和叙事中,与发生过的事件达成和解,呈现一个持久、开放的公共形象。借此,利科阐述了一种叙事认同观念。As a fundamental condition,idendity concerns all aspects of human life.However,as far as its essence is concerned,it is a question about self which concerned with“whom”.Therefore,it is an ancient philosophical problem.At the same time,human is the being in the world that exists historically,then,as a question concerned with“whom”,the identity of which has a public dimension inherently.Therefore,identity eventually emerges from the mutual construction between the individual and community.Nevertheless,the general points about identity,which based on Descartes’non-reductionism of spiritual entity or Locke’s reductionism of memory experience,fall into essentialism in some way because of its missing of the public dimension.Through the division of private sphere and public sphere,Arendt emphasized that identity is essentially a question about“whom”rather than“what”.She argued that actions in the public sphere highlight“whom”of the individual,which could be maintained through narrative.It is through the action and narrative that the individual has a re-conciliation with the events happened,thereby displays a lasting,open and public image.Following Arendt,Ricoeur argued an idea of narrative identity.

关 键 词：阿伦特 行动 叙事 认同 利科 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]